Metabolism is a cascade of chemical reactions in the human body, as a result of which the transformation and breakdown of elements necessary for the normal functioning of the body occurs.
It is thanks to metabolism that our body maintains life, it develops, reproduces, responds to external influences and challenges, while maintaining its functions.
Metabolic disorders in the body manifest themselves at almost all levels (molecular, cellular, and so on) and ultimately lead to disruption of the process of self-regulation in the body and the development of various pathologies.
Classification of metabolic disorders
All diseases associated with metabolic disorders in the body are conventionally divided into four groups:
1. Pathologies associated with impaired protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. These include obesity, myoglobinuria, ketosis, nutritional dystrophy.
2. Diseases caused by a violation of mineral metabolism.
3. Pathologies caused by a lack or excess of microelements (calcium, manganese, fluorine, cobalt, and so on).
4. Hypovitaminosis.
Causes of metabolic disorders
The main causes of metabolic disorders in the body are:
Heredity;
Physical inactivity;
Ingestion of toxins into the body (in this case, the issue can be resolved and the patient’s recovery achieved only after they are removed);
Nervous disorders;
Stress (this is one of the main reasons for the development of metabolic diseases);
Poor nutrition, abuse of fast food, overeating;
Constant dieting (the body stops adapting to constant stress and fails);
Taking certain medications regularly.
These are not all the causes of metabolic disorders, but they are the most common.
Metabolic disorder: symptoms
Metabolic disorders in the body in men and women are most often manifested by the following clinical signs:
Deterioration in appearance;
Unhealthy skin color;
Violation of digestive processes;
Destruction of tooth enamel;
Weight change;
Swelling;
Increased sweating, shortness of breath;
Violation of the structure of nails and hair;
Poor nutrition, prolonged fasting.
Since metabolic disorders are the cause of many dangerous diseases, it is recommended to carry out a set of therapeutic and preventive measures at the initial stage to solve all problems. Otherwise, a number of complications may develop.
Metabolic disorders in children
A child's body is constantly developing and growing, so it needs a large amount of plastic elements and energy resources, which it can get from food.
Metabolic processes occur especially intensively in babies under the age of one year, because it is at this time that the formation of basic system functions occurs. Older children require greater energy resources for growth and further development.
Since the central nervous system, endocrine organs and neurohumoral mechanisms in the child’s body are not stable enough, the regulation of metabolic processes in the child’s body is imperfect.
That is why metabolic disorders in children are quite common, especially in recent decades, when many people abuse junk food and move little, preferring tablet games and chips with soda to sports.
This is an extremely dangerous trend, because metabolic disorders in children can cause the development of such dangerous diseases as:
- anemia;
- rickets;
- hypoglycemia (low blood sugar);
- amyloidosis;
- tetany (develops against the background of rickets, manifests itself as spasms and convulsions);
- hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels can lead to the development of diabetes).
Metabolic disorders in the absence of timely treatment can lead to the development of a number of serious diseases.
Diagnosis of metabolic disorders
In order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, a comprehensive examination of the patient is carried out, which may include the following stages:
- interview and examination of the patient (finding out medical history, measuring height, weighing, full physical examination, measuring blood pressure, and so on);
- laboratory research methods (blood and urine tests).
Metabolic disorder: treatment
Any therapy begins with eliminating the causes that caused the development of the disease. Therefore, in case of metabolic disorders, the patient must, first of all, adjust his diet.
Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe one or another therapeutic diet. It is necessary to eat food often, but in small portions (the so-called fractional meals). You should avoid fried, fatty, pickled and spicy foods.
In addition to nutrition, you need to change your lifestyle. You need to avoid stress, go to bed on time, and play sports. This will help activate metabolic processes in the body and give vigor and fortitude.
If the pathological process has already gone too far or we are talking about genetic causes of metabolic disorders, then you cannot do without the help of doctors.
A person must undergo a comprehensive examination to determine the exact causes of metabolic disorders, after which the attending physician prescribes an individual treatment regimen.
For example, for diabetes, this means daily insulin injections, for thyroid diseases, hormonal therapy, and so on.
In particularly difficult cases, surgical treatment is possible (for example, if we are talking about a pituitary adenoma or thyroid goiter).
If symptoms of metabolic disorders in the body appear, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor for too long, otherwise difficulties may arise during treatment.
Prevention of metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorders, the symptoms and treatments of which are described above, can be prevented. To do this, you need to follow the following prevention rules:
Eat properly and balanced (minimize the consumption of sweet, fatty, starchy, fried foods, do not starve or overeat);
Ensure that the body receives a sufficient amount of microelements and vitamins;
Observe the work and rest schedule;
To refuse from bad habits;
Lead an active lifestyle, play sports;
Avoid stress and adverse effects of environmental factors.
In order to prevent metabolic disorders in the body, it is important to pay sufficient attention to the state of immune defense.
Currently, there is a drug that helps restore weakened immunity with great success - this is Transfer Factor. The basis of this immunomodulator is made up of special immune molecules, which, when they enter the body, have the following effects:
- restore immunity;
- normalize metabolic processes, eliminate possible metabolic failures;
- “remember” information about foreign agents and, when they re-enter, give a signal for the immediate neutralization and destruction of these pathogenic microorganisms;
- enhance the effect of medications taken together with Transfer Factor and eliminate possible side effects from their use.
Proper nutrition, avoidance of unhealthy foods, strengthening the body's immune defense - these are the necessary measures that will help avoid metabolic disorders and allow you to remain young and healthy for many years to come.
0 10000 2 years ago
In an attempt to get into ideal shape, many people go on extreme diets that are designed for an extremely short period of time. At the same time, they prolong, and sometimes even tighten, their nutrition plans to the limit. The result is the most unpleasant thing, namely metabolic disorders.
Types of metabolic disorders
Typically, metabolic disorders are classified only as a slowdown and subsequent weight gain. However, this is fundamentally not true. Almost any change in the speed or quality of metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fatty tissues with a change in energy balance leads to metabolic disorders, which can sometimes be expressed in rather unexpected symptoms and circumstances. Let's consider the main types of impaired metabolism.
| Type of metabolic disorder | Characteristics |
| Super slow metabolism | A classic metabolic disorder, which is characterized by decreased mobility and, as a result, excess weight gain. Associated with quitting extreme diets |
| Super-accelerated metabolism | Usually the result of mass consumption of caffeinated drinks, energy drinks and fat burners, combined with an unhealthy diet enriched with fast carbohydrates, and intense training. In turn, the body begins to try to cope with increased stress. A characteristic feature is persistent diarrhea. |
| Metabolism strives for balance | Usually this metabolic disorder is temporary, but nevertheless the most dangerous. Characterized by lethargy and weakness. Usually occurs against the background of a sudden change. |
| Violation of anabolic metabolic processes | Leads to constant synthesis of protein tissues. In the absence of stimulation by anabolic steroids and constant physical activity, anabolic metabolic imbalance can lead to the formation of cancer cells. |
| Disturbance of catabolic metabolic processes | With this type, the absorption of all energy elements is disrupted, which leads to a constant increase. The result is sudden weight loss, anorexia, and exhaustion of the body. Coma, death. |
| Carbohydrate malabsorption | This type of metabolic disorder is characterized by constant headaches and unstable blood sugar levels. Sudden changes in energy balance. Without intervention, it develops into type 1 diabetes. |
| Protein malabsorption | Associated with increased protein intake when fermentation is not possible. As a result, the appearance of harmful bactericidal elements in the intestines, dysbiosis, vitamin deficiency - gastrointestinal diseases. |
| Fat malabsorption | It is characterized by a sharp change in hormonal levels with general weakness. The reason should be sought in the functioning of the thyroid gland |
| Energy disorders | Typical for people who consume caffeine. In the absence of additional stimulation, the body cannot achieve balance in energy metabolism, as a result of which short-term jumps from ultra-slow to ultra-fast metabolic processes of carbohydrate elements in the blood are possible. |
Symptoms of metabolic disorders
Disturbances in metabolic processes are usually easy to identify even at the stage of problems arising. The fact is that the first symptom of a metabolic disorder is a change in the microflora of the stomach.
Therefore, if you experience gastrointestinal disorders:
- Diarrhea;
- Constipation;
- Increased stomach acidity;
- Weight gain.
- Fatigue
- Increased blood sugar levels.
- Headache
- Mood swings.
It follows from this that you have already begun to experience dysfunction of metabolic processes in the body. Of course, the main symptom of metabolic disorders is the energy factor – i.e. changes in blood sugar levels, which are accompanied by constant fatigue or, conversely, hyperenergy. In most cases, metabolic processes that undergo changes at the initial stage do not show themselves in any way, hiding the dysfunction, gradually increasing momentum. Additionally, the symptoms are very nonspecific and may indicate other problems in the body. It is because of this that independent treatment of metabolic disorders is impossible. This can only be done with the help of specialists.
Note: The only thing that can help localize a metabolic disorder is a history of the diet plan over the past weeks. In this case, it is possible, based on the diet and the body’s reaction to it, to determine whether the current dysfunctions of the body are caused by metabolic disorders, or whether it is simply a side reaction associated with external stress factors.
Who should I contact if I have metabolic disorders?
The fact is that metabolic disorder is a complex disease that affects:
- Functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
- Functioning of the thyroid gland;
- Functioning of the hormonal system;
- Functioning of the cardiovascular system.
Therefore, before trying to treat metabolic disorders in the body, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis. First, you need to visit your local physician, indicating the symptoms of the disease. Next, the specialist will issue a referral for specific examinations. Next on the list will be a gastroenterologist, who will tell you whether the current dysfunctions are associated with disruption of the stomach itself (gastritis/ulcers) or are these complex changes caused by a general metabolic disorder. After the gastroenterologist, next on the list is an endocrinologist, who determines the level of normal functioning of secretions and hormones, and, therefore, determines the overall level of performance of your body. Only on the basis of the joint conclusion of both doctors can we talk about the appearance of serious pathological changes in the metabolic processes of the body of a particular individual. But the most important thing is that treatment will also be carried out comprehensively:
- nutritionist;
- physiotherapist;
- gastroenterologist;
- endocrinologist
Recovery (not temporary acceleration/deceleration) is a long process that will combine:
- changing your meal plan;
- changing your daily routine;
- changes in hormonal levels due to the use of special medications;
- manual regulation of the production of secretions in the stomach (digestive enzymes);
- adding physical activity;
- analytical monitoring of the patient’s condition, with regular reconciliation of tests.
Prevention of metabolic disorders
Prevention of metabolic disorders in the body is a complex, multi-complex process, which is somewhat simpler than restoring impaired metabolism. Prevention complexes include:
- Calculation of daily calorie intake and expenditure. Stabilization of these two indicators will align metabolic processes.
- Creation of normal recovery processes. 8-hour sleep, moderate exercise, 3 meals a day.
- Creating the right balance of nutrient intake.
- Avoiding caffeine-containing drinks.
- Reducing external stress.
Taken together, these measures will help keep your metabolism in balance. In addition, you can consume large amounts of fiber, which correlates with metabolic processes in the intestines and can normalize the rate of food digestion, returning it to normal.
Conclusion
Summarizing what impaired metabolism is, it is worth understanding that this is a serious pathological change, which is usually treated by manually adjusting and adjusting all the mechanisms of interaction of the body with the outside world. It should be understood that artificial acceleration of metabolism is only a temporary measure. Therefore, to restore all metabolic processes, it is necessary to contact specialists who can do the most important thing - identify the root cause of changes in the energy balance, by eliminating which the metabolic processes will return to their original course.
Metabolic disease speaks of the defective functioning of the human body. The main goal of metabolic processes is to maintain a sufficient amount of energy in the body, which is necessary for the functioning of all human organs and systems.
The main causes of metabolic disorders in women
One of the causes of metabolic disorders in women is unbalanced diet. Many girls are addicted to various short-term diets and weight loss methods. If diets are too strict and a woman is forced to starve, this can cause metabolic disorders.
Severe stress or nervous tension can disrupt metabolic processes in the body, since our nervous system also takes part in metabolism.
If a woman smokes or drinks, her metabolism may be impaired because of this.
There are also other reasons that are causes of metabolic failure: unreasonably planned daily routine, unhealthy diet, serious illnesses, hereditary predisposition, etc.
The main symptoms of metabolic disorders in women
Disturbances in this process can cause various symptoms in women, which can develop into serious illnesses.
Symptoms in women:
- Tooth decay;
- Sudden weight gain;
- Intestinal dysfunction;
- Change in skin color;
- Disorders and problems in the structure of hair and nails;
- Dyspnea;
- Irritation in the throat;
- Failure in the monthly cycle;
- Feelings of thirst and hunger;
- Stomach upset.
How to treat metabolic disorders in women?
The treatment process is quite complex. If the disorder was caused due to genetic factors, then the treatment will be very difficult and requires constant monitoring by a doctor. If the violation was noticed in the initial stages, then it will be easier to eliminate it. Women will need to normalize their routine and diet. It is advisable to split food into several small portions; it is recommended to reduce the amount of animal fats and carbohydrates consumed.
It is best to start treatment when you know the causes of metabolic disorders. If the disorder was identified due to severe stressful situations, then you first need to normalize your mental state, also do not forget to sleep well, do regular light physical activity, eat only healthy and fresh food.
Products for metabolic disorders
Can be consumed daily fermented milk products and milk, low-fat sour cream; cottage cheese (no more than 9% fat content). Eggs – 3-4 times a week.
Vegetables: tomatoes, turnips, zucchini, pumpkin, radishes, green salad, cabbage of all kinds, fresh cucumbers, beets, carrots, potatoes, green peas.
Fruits and berries raw, baked or in the form of compotes.
The most important thing is not to let the disease progress and do not self-medicate; it is best to consult a doctor, and he will tell you what you will need to do in a particular case. Be always healthy!
Metabolism. Speed up metabolism, lose weight - video
Metabolism is the main mechanism of the body's vital functions.
Its violation leads to major disorders in the functionality of organs, and the causes are both heredity and various diseases.
Any organism exists due to the exchange of energy, the exchange between the chemical components of the body and the external environment.
This process can be divided into two types:
- assimilation, i.e. synthesis of new components and their absorption;
- dissimilation, i.e. decay and decomposition of useful substances.
All enzymes interact, improving cellular composition, and vitamins and minerals help them in this. Metabolism takes place at the molecular, cellular level or at the level of the whole organism. If the metabolism is harmonious and chemical processes are successful, then the cells are supplied with useful components and the body is healthy.
If the metabolism worsens, then the immune, nervous, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems fail. Disturbances in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids or lysosomal abnormalities represent metabolic disorders.
Causes of metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorders are often associated with a hereditary factor, but can be the result of organic diseases.
Causes of metabolic disorders:
- problems with the thyroid gland (see);
- pituitary gland (see);
- disruption of the adrenal glands;
- insufficient functioning of the gonads;
- lack of oxygen;
- stress;
- general fasting.
Poor nutrition is the main cause of metabolic disorders. Starvation or overeating, poor nutrition leads to an imbalance between energy consumed and expended, the nervous system ceases to control and regulate metabolism.
The tone of areas of the brain, mainly the hypothalamus, changes significantly. It is the hypothalamus that regulates the processes of fat accumulation and structure in the body, and energy production.
As a rule, metabolic disorders are associated with the fat component, and fats are not sufficiently processed in the liver. The amount of cholesterol and lipoproteins in the blood increases (see), which leads to vascular damage. As a result, illness or disease may occur.
Due to impaired fat metabolism, problems arise with the immune system, and the body is generally weakened. To normalize the metabolic process, you should limit your fat intake, mainly consuming omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are found in olive, rapeseed, etc.
Consumption of significant amounts of saturated solid fats and omega-6 oils (sunflower oil) disrupts the activation of the desaturase enzyme and produces harmful hormones, as well as prostaglandins. This subsequently leads to cancer, poor circulation, allergies, etc.
Lifestyle plays a big role in metabolism - nutrition, diet, emotional state and sleep, tendency to stress, physical activity.
Symptoms of metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorders in women and men are usually manifested by the following symptoms, which should alert you. Externally, the condition of the skin and complexion, the structure of nails and hair changes, excess weight appears or, on the contrary, a sharp weight loss is observed. Signs of metabolic disorders:
- deterioration of the skin of the hands and face;
- unhealthy skin color;
- destruction of tooth enamel;
- violation of the structure of hair and nails;
- shortness of breath, sweating;
- swelling;
- change in body weight;
- stool disorder.
Women want to be slim and often go on diets. Prolonged fasting and an insufficiently balanced diet can cause metabolic disorders.
Diseases associated with metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorders complicate the patency of blood vessels, as cholesterol and lipoproteins accumulate in them. As a result, vegetative-vascular diseases appear and heart function is disrupted.Slags accumulate, i.e. free radicals, which can cause cancer. Intoxication of the body due to metabolic disorders negatively affects the functioning of the liver, kidneys and intestines.
Untimely bowel movements can lead to chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory processes of the intestines and biliary tract. The consequences of metabolic disorders are often obesity, damage to bones and muscles.
Diseases associated with metabolic disorders - (mental retardation), albinism (insufficient melanin formation), alkaptonuria, hypercholesterolemia (excess cholesterol).
Treatment of metabolic disorders
To treat metabolic disorders, doctors primarily focus on normalizing nutrition, intensifying and increasing physical activity. To stabilize the patient's condition, oxygen is required, since it activates metabolic processes in tissues. To improve salt and water metabolism, it is recommended to consume vitamins and minerals.
This is especially important for older people, as cells age and lose their ability to absorb nutrients. Periodic cleansing of the body helps improve the functioning of internal organs. Fasting days with a fruit or protein diet are possible.
Mandatory content in the diet of foods rich in fiber, animal fats and protein foods. It is recommended to eat fresh fruits and vegetables, sea fish, veal, cod liver, egg yolk and sour-milk products.
Proper nutrition, calculated in calories, is the best solution for preventing obesity and metabolic disorders. Recovery from diseases associated with metabolism includes not only the selection of diet and proper nutrition, but is also based on hormone therapy.
Diagnostics makes it possible to establish the cause of metabolic disorders, and treatment is aimed at eliminating this cause, i.e. organic disease.
Consequences
If you do not pay attention to the treatment of metabolic disorders, serious diseases appear. Insulin production is disrupted and diabetes mellitus may develop.As a result of the accumulation of cholesterol, blood vessels become fragile, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke increases. Obesity, as a result of metabolic disorders, and decreased potency in men, diseases of the nervous system, internal secretion organs and digestive system. The structure of the nails changes, hair falls out, and the skin quickly fades.
Metabolism is an important mechanism for the functioning of the body, so its normalization improves the general and psycho-emotional state of the body.
Which doctor should I contact for treatment?
If, after reading this article, you think that you have symptoms characteristic of this disease, then you shouldMetabolism is a complex of complex chemical transformations that ensures the normal functioning of the human body. Reactions in our body occur constantly and replace each other. The component that is formed after one reaction becomes the building material for the second. All substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, microelements, water) are interconnected. A deficiency or excess of at least one component leads to a malfunction of the body system.
Diseases for which a characteristic symptom of metabolic disorder is:
- metabolic syndrome;
- diabetes;
- gout;
- atherosclerosis;
- hypothyroidism;
- Gierke's disease;
- phenylketonuria;
- alkaptonuria;
- kwashiokor;
- arterial hypertension.
Metabolism: essence and function
Metabolism (metabolism) is a complex of chemical reactions that are aimed at producing the energy necessary to maintain the most important vital functions. Metabolism includes catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is a set of chemical transformations that are aimed at breaking down proteins, carbons and fats to produce energy. Anabolism is the process by which hormones and enzymes are synthesized from simple substances. Our body needs to renew itself all the time, so energy conversion processes are necessary. Metabolism involves proteins, carbohydrates and fats. It is a necessary substrate (material) for the formation of energy. The coordinated work of catabolism and anabolism is extremely important, because the state of our health directly depends on this.
Metabolic disorders: general characteristics
A metabolic disorder is characterized by disruption of the metabolism of proteins, fats or carbohydrates. Proteins are involved in the transport of substances throughout the body, blood clotting, protect against infections, and speed up processes. Fats provide the body with essential heat and energy. When they break down, water is formed. In addition, they are responsible for regulating body temperature. Carbohydrates are a source of quick energy. They perform supporting and protective functions. If there is a malfunction in one of the metabolic links, several functions suffer at once.
Etiology
Metabolic pathology is hereditary. However, the causes of the symptom are not well understood. Etiological factors are:
- insufficient intake of nutrients into the body;
- enzymatic dysfunction;
- impaired absorption of the substance;
- pathology of the thyroid gland.
An important point is that the body may have a sufficient amount of building material, as well as the enzymes necessary for its processing. The problem may be a violation of nervous regulation. When diagnosing and treating, this fact must be taken into account.
Kinds
Metabolic disorder is a fairly general concept. It includes the following conditions:
- violation of the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates;
- pathology of catabolism, anabolism;
- violation of the exchange of microelements and vitamins;
- pathology of water metabolism;
- violation of acid-base balance;
- diseases associated with mineral metabolism.
Each of these types of metabolic pathology has its own clinical picture and requires specialized treatment.
Causes
There are four levels at which metabolic disorders occur. In each of them, the occurrence of pathology has its own reasons:
- molecular level - genetic defects, the action of enzyme inhibitors, insufficient intake of essential metabolic substances into the body;
- at the cellular level - a violation of bioenergetic and anabolic processes. This is the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids. Also a violation of the constancy of the internal environment (homeostasis) and neurohumoral regulation;
- at the tissue level, the cause is organ hypoxia (oxygen starvation) and disruption of homeostasis;
- at the level of the whole organism, the etiological factor is diseases of the nervous system and endocrine glands. The reason is a disruption of tissue innervation, hormonal imbalance, damage to organs that ensure the constancy of the internal environment.
The triggering factor in the development of metabolic diseases is a violation of the regulatory function of the nervous and hormonal systems, as well as shifts in the metabolic homeostasis of the body.
Risk factors
People with a genetic predisposition are more at risk of developing metabolic diseases. This also includes people with diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems. The presence of bad habits and dietary errors also increase the likelihood of illness.
Clinical picture
Clinical manifestations of metabolic pathology depend on the substance that is in excess or deficiency.
The main symptoms of metabolic disorders are listed in the table below.
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Substance |
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Carbohydrates |
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It is important to detect metabolic disorders and substances that are in deficiency or excess in time. This is a decisive factor in the selection of therapy.
Associated symptoms of diseases
In various diseases, metabolic diseases are accompanied by accompanying symptoms.
With protein-energy deficiency, weight loss, swelling, delayed physical and mental development, weakness, lethargy, and asthenia are observed.
Gout is a disease that is more common in men and is characterized by a violation of the synthesis of uric acid. These salts begin to be deposited in the joint area, forming tophi. When the disease worsens, they begin to become inflamed and very painful, which leads to limited motor functions.
Obesity is characterized by weight gain, increased blood pressure, lack of satiety after eating, and shortness of breath during exercise.
Doctor's advice! In cases where you start to gain or lose weight sharply, do not self-diagnose. Seek medical help as soon as possible. You will be given the correct diagnosis and prescribed appropriate treatment
Gierke's disease is called glycogenosis. It is characterized by deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. Glycogen accumulates in the kidneys and liver. There is an enlarged abdomen, increased bleeding, delayed sexual development, xanthelasma (deposition of low-density lipids under the skin).
With fatty hepatosis, liver cells are replaced by lipid cells. The main symptoms: a feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium, pain in the projection of the liver, the appearance of spider veins on the skin, disturbance of bowel movements.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by dizziness, fatigue, and noise in the head. The temperature in the lower extremities often drops, and superficial sensitivity is impaired. High risk of coronary heart disease.
Diabetes mellitus causes characteristic complaints of thirst, frequent urination, and dry skin. There is a feeling of tingling, crawling in the limbs. Also, over time, vision, kidney function, innervation and blood supply to organs deteriorate.
For hypothyroidism, the leading symptoms will be the following: weakness, swelling, dry skin, decreased memory and concentration, lethargy of mental functions, bradycardia, impaired sexual function.
Metabolic disorders in children
Protein-energy malnutrition is common in children. This is a pathological condition that is associated with early transfer to artificial feeding. Characterized by decreased body weight, exhaustion, and delayed physical and neuropsychic development. The consequence of the condition is deterioration of immunity, increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.
Phenylketonuria is a hereditary disease caused by a defect in the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of phenylalanic acid. It accumulates in the blood and has a detrimental effect on the baby’s body. Normal brain development is affected, leading to mental retardation. The first manifestations of the disease can be noticed at 2-6 months, if perinatal screening was not carried out in the maternity hospital. Main symptoms: increased excitability, anxiety, belching, vomiting, convulsions, specific smell of sweat and urine.
Alkaptonuria is a hereditary disease in which there is a defect in the gene responsible for the synthesis of homogentisic acid oxidase. The disease is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. The first signs are that the child produces urine, which begins to darken upon contact with air. Subsequently, the excretory system, musculoskeletal system, and heart are affected.
Which doctor and when to contact
It all depends on the age at which the first symptoms appeared. If we are talking about children, then in the maternity hospital newborns are screened for phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, galactosemia and adrenogenital syndrome. These ailments are cured. They also turn to him in cases where the baby is not gaining weight or is gaining, but too intensely. The doctor will determine the cause of such conditions and prescribe appropriate treatment.
Adults should consult a doctor in cases where their weight begins to change for no reason, the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted, apathy, or asthenia appear. First of all, adults go for a consultation with. He prescribes treatment or refers to,.
Diagnostics
Height and weight are measured and the body mass index is determined. Based on its data, one judges whether one is overweight or underweight.
To better understand the extent of the changes, blood, urine and other biological fluids are examined.
Blood sugar levels, the amount of cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the concentration of individual metabolites are determined. The amount of bilirubin and amylase is also assessed. A urine test determines the amount of metabolites. Quantitative indicators of hormones are assessed.
Treatment
Treatment of any pathology is divided into etiological (causal), pathogenetic and symptomatic. In the case of metabolic diseases, it is important to act on the cause of their occurrence, and not to fight individual symptoms.
Lifestyle modification plays a big role. It includes a rational and nutritious diet, giving up bad habits, and sufficient physical activity.
Medicines are selected for each patient individually. For example, in the treatment of gout, drugs are used that slow down the synthesis of uric acid (Allopurinol). For non-insulin-dependent diabetes, medications that lower blood glucose levels are indicated. If there is a deficiency of enzymes, drugs are prescribed that can replace them.
Diet
A balanced diet is the key to health. It is important to choose foods rich in dietary fiber. These are vegetables - broccoli, beans, spinach, cabbage. Also fruits rich in pectin: pears, peaches, bananas, citruses. It is important to drink drinks that contain minimal calories. You are allowed to drink no more than two hundred milliliters of juice per day. The ideal option is to drink a lot of water. The daily dose is calculated as follows: 30 ml of water multiplied by 10 kg of weight.
White bread, pastries, and sweets must be excluded. The consumption of fast food and food containing flavor enhancers (chips, crackers, nuts) is strictly prohibited. Limit alcohol and salt intake.
It is important to stick to fractional meals. You should definitely have breakfast, because a hearty breakfast provides energy for the whole day. Lunch and dinner are also necessary meals. You can have snacks between them. For the average person, the daily requirement is 2000 kcal. If the goal is to lose weight, you should remember that the number of calories consumed should be less than the number spent.
Treatment with folk remedies
Traditional recipes have also found their application in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Pour one teaspoon of fireweed tea into 500 ml of boiling water and leave for 5 minutes. Then pour it into a cup and add honey to taste. For results, it is recommended to take 2-3 cups of the drink per day.
You can prepare a tincture from medicinal plants. For preparation you need flowers of chamomile, St. John's wort, knotweed, and yarrow. 100 grams of the collection are ground in a coffee grinder, placed in an enamel container and stored in the refrigerator. To prepare the decoction, take 15 grams of the mixture and pour 500 ml of boiling water, let it brew for 5 minutes. When drinking, you can add a teaspoon of honey to the drink. Take twice a day. In the morning - 15 minutes before meals and in the evening, after meals.
Melissa tea not only has a calming effect, it also improves metabolism. To prepare it, use 2 teaspoons of lemon balm leaves and 500 ml of boiling water. The components are mixed and left for about 10 minutes. The tea is ready to drink. Take 70 ml morning and evening, 15 minutes before meals.
15 grams of crushed dandelion root are poured with a glass of alcohol. Infuse in a dark, cool place for two weeks, then filter. Take 20 drops three times a day half an hour before eating.
Alternative medicine is not a panacea. You cannot rely solely on traditional treatment. It is better to use recipes in combination with traditional therapy.
Rehabilitation period
The rehabilitation period after suffering metabolic diseases obliges a person to monitor the quality and quantity of food consumed for life. They also avoid excessive physical activity. One comes to sports exercises gradually, listening to the state of the body.
Consequences and complications
Metabolism is the most important process in the human body. And if it is violated, and the pathology is not treated, this will certainly lead to consequences and complications. This could be a slowdown in metabolism or hormonal imbalances. Such conditions require additional treatment, because they disrupt the normal functioning of the body. Nutrients are not absorbed, which leads to exhaustion.
Forecast
If you seek medical help in time and adhere to the prescriptions and recommendations of doctors, the prognosis is favorable. The complexity of the treatment lies in the fact that the treatment of metabolic disorders is a long and labor-intensive process that requires complete dedication from the patient. You need to reconsider your diet, add physical activity, and give up bad habits.
Important! Metabolic disorder is a serious pathology in which every cell of the body suffers. There is a problem in the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals or a combined pathology. It is important to correctly determine the type of metabolic disorder, because further therapy depends on this. Treatment includes diet, exercise, and taking replacement medications (enzymes, hormones)
If there are hereditary diseases associated with defects in enzymes or regulatory genes, the prognosis is often unfavorable.
Prevention
Prevention of metabolic diseases is relevant for adults. Especially for people who tend to gain excess weight. General recommendations:
- alternate sleep and rest modes. Remember, the average person needs a healthy 7 hours of sleep;
- "We are what we eat." Always remember this phrase when you crave junk food. A healthy diet will provide the necessary energy and prolong life;
- say “no” to laziness and a sedentary lifestyle. Active recreation always fills you with energy and gives you a good mood. To avoid problems with excess weight, it is better to spend an extra hour outside rather than in bed watching TV;
- abstract yourself from external stimuli. Stress is a factor that provokes many diseases. Therefore, develop such a quality as stress resistance.
Preventive measures are quite simple. By following these recommendations, you can not only improve the condition of your body, but also your own mood.
