Operating principle and design of a typical water supply pumping station. Types of pumping station devices for home and garden Pumping stations for gardening device

Such an important procedure as connecting a pumping station can be carried out according to various schemes, which makes it possible to pump out a liquid medium from different water supply sources. The choice of a specific connection scheme is determined by factors such as the water supply source used; number of water intake points; the number and type of household appliances that require water to function; the number of people living in the house; the presence of a garden plot (and therefore plants that need watering). After analyzing all of the above factors, you can select a specific model and begin connecting the pumping station according to a specific scheme.

What is a pumping station and what does it consist of?

A pumping station is a complex of equipment and technical means designed for supply, as well as for further transportation through a pipeline, of a liquid medium. The source of water supply to which such an installation is connected is usually a well (or well). Installing a pumping station in a country house or in a private house allows you to provide yourself with the required amount of water both for everyday needs and for watering the garden.

On the modern market you can find many pumping stations of various types and models. That is why it is important to know how to choose a device to solve certain problems, as well as how to install a pumping station in accordance with the chosen scheme so that such equipment operates with maximum efficiency.

Pumping stations, when compared with a separate water pump, ensure that the equipment operates in a more gentle mode, which significantly extends its service life. To understand how such installations work, you must first understand what structural elements they consist of.

So, the main structural components of pumping stations, used both to equip industrial enterprises and to solve everyday problems, are:

a pump whose task is to pump out water (in the vast majority of cases, pumping stations are equipped with surface-type pumps);
a hydraulic accumulator, which is a container, the inside of which is equipped with a membrane that separates the liquid medium pumped by the pump from the air;
a control unit that ensures the operation of the pumping station in automatic mode, turning the pump on and off when the pressure level in the hydraulic accumulator reaches a certain value;
control devices, the main one of which is a pressure gauge, which allows you to determine the pressure level in the water pumping station (WPS) system.

How to choose the right pumping unit

The question of how to connect the pumping station to a well or borehole is secondary. First you need to choose the right equipment. In this case, one must be guided by a number of factors.

Purpose

According to their purpose, pumping stations are divided into two main types: domestic and industrial. The latter, as their name implies, are equipped with manufacturing enterprises. The technical characteristics of these installations allow them to be used for pumping significant volumes of liquid media. Connection, adjustment, and especially installation of industrial-type pumping stations are carried out by qualified specialists.

Domestic-grade pumping stations are easy to install and easy to use

You can install a pumping station with your own hands if this equipment is intended to solve domestic problems (providing a summer house or country house with the required volume of water used for domestic needs, watering green spaces, organizing heating and operating washing machines, dishwashers, boilers, showers cabins, instantaneous water heaters, etc.).

Source type

A pumping station for a private home can be connected to various water supply sources. Each of them determines the scheme according to which the pumping station should be installed.

Operating mode

The connection diagram of a pumping station to a well, borehole or water supply system may imply manual or automatic mode. Depending on the required degree of mobility on the modern market, you can choose a stationary or mobile model.

When choosing a pumping station based on its operating mode and other parameters, one must also take into account how much water it must pump per unit of time. Thus, it is generally accepted that one person living in a private house needs 250 liters of water every day. When choosing a pumping station to equip a dacha, this figure can be reduced somewhat.

Installation location

Installation of a pumping station in a private house can be carried out in the basement of the building itself, in a separate building or in a caisson. The best of all the listed options is to install the station in the basement of the building it serves, where certain conditions are created for it.

So, in particular, it is necessary that the water supply pumping station, when installed in the basement of a house, be located at a level that will not allow it to be damaged when groundwater rises. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the pumping station, which is installed in the basement, does not touch the walls with its body, which can lead to vibration. It should also be borne in mind that the room in which the pumping station is installed must be heated. This will protect the equipment from freezing in water during operation in the cold season.

If you decide to use a caisson, then it must also be insulated, and the station itself must be located below ground level at a depth at which the soil no longer freezes. Thus, the depth at which the caisson is mounted must be at least 2 meters.

If the depth of the underground water source, for which the pumping station is used, does not exceed ten meters, you can opt for single-pipe models. If this parameter is in the range of 10–20 meters, you need to choose two-pipe pumping stations for a well or well, equipped with an ejector device. Before equipping an underground water source with such equipment, it is necessary to develop a scheme according to which the pumping station will be installed in a well or borehole.

If a separate room located on the territory of a personal plot is used to install a pumping station, then the problem with the noise that such equipment produces is solved, but access to it for maintenance and repair is difficult. This option also assumes that the room in which the pumping station will be installed is insulated. It is also necessary to ensure that the pipes through which water from such equipment is supplied to the water supply system of the house are reliably protected from freezing.

How installation is carried out according to various schemes

Connecting the pumping station to the water supply in the house, as mentioned above, can be carried out according to various schemes. In order for you to choose the best one, you should consider each in more detail.

Two-pipe connection

Connecting a pumping station to a well or well using a two-pipe scheme is carried out according to the following algorithm.

The ejector is pre-assembled (for this you will need a cast iron tee with outlets for connections and a fitting).
A mechanical cleaning filter is mounted on the lower pipe of the ejector.
A plastic socket is installed on the upper branch pipe of the ejector, to which a fitting of the required length with a diameter of 1 1/4 inches is connected. To connect a given ejector pipe to a pipeline of a certain diameter, it may be necessary to use several connections.
To connect the last flow to the pipeline, a coupling made of bronze is used.
When placing the ejector in a borehole, it must be taken into account that the inlet pipe must be located at a distance of at least 1 meter from the bottom of the underground source, which will protect the device from large stones and sand getting into its interior.
The length of the plastic pipe to which the ejector is connected before descending into the shaft is calculated as follows: one meter is subtracted from the distance from the bottom of the source to the mouth of the well.
A pipe bend bent at an angle of 90° is installed at the upper end of the casing pipe. This homemade head is connected to the casing pipe using plumbing tape.
The upper end of the pipe, which is connected to the ejector, is inserted into the socket of a homemade head and the space between the walls of the pipes is sealed using polyurethane foam. The second socket of such a head is connected to the outer part of the water supply using corner adapters.
After carrying out the above procedures, it is necessary to connect a well pump with a hydraulic accumulator to the system, configure it to work with an ejector, and perform the first start of the pumping station.

You can learn more about what the above-described pumping station piping scheme looks like and how it is practically implemented in a video that is easy to find on the Internet.

When connecting a pumping station to a well with your own hands using a two-pipe scheme, you should avoid the typical mistakes listed below.

When installing the pipeline leading from the pumping station to the house, the required pipe length margin was not taken into account.
The threaded connections are not made very reliably and are poorly sealed, which can cause leakage of water supplied to the pipeline.
No appropriate attention was paid to the hydraulic tank, which should ensure a pressure in the pipeline of at least one and a half atmospheres. If the pressure value is lower, then it should be increased by pumping air into the air chamber using a compressor or a simple pump.

Connection to the water supply system

The question of how to start a pumping station so that it pumps water from the main water supply most often arises in cases where the pressure is not enough for the heating system to operate efficiently. To properly connect the pumping station to the existing water supply, you must perform the following steps.

At the place where the connection is planned, the water pipe is disconnected.
The end of the disconnected pipe through which water flows from the central system is connected to the hydraulic tank.
At the outlet of the storage tank, a pump is installed, the pressure line of which is connected to the pipeline leading to the house.
Then the electrical part of the work is performed (connecting the power supply to the pump and performing a test run).
Based on the test run results, the pumping equipment is adjusted and adjusted.

You can also get acquainted with the above-described process of connecting a pumping station in more detail using videos posted on the Internet.

It is very important to understand not only how to make the connection, but also how to adjust the pumping station, which is installed in a caisson, well pit or embedded in a central water supply system.

A properly adjusted set of such equipment should automatically turn off at a certain pressure (2.5–3 atm), and also automatically turn on when the liquid pressure in the system drops to 1.5–1.8 atm.

Both the installation of a pumping station in a well, a borehole or a central water supply system, and its adjustment can be done by yourself, the main thing is to know the algorithm for performing such procedures. After the borehole pump has been connected to the well, a pumping station has been installed in the well, or pumping equipment has been inserted into the central water supply system, you can proceed to adjustment.

Many private homeowners have to decide on connecting the water supply to their home. The remoteness of the house from the centralized water supply forces residents to use water from local sources: wells and wells. Using these alternative sources, homeowners sooner or later are faced with the problem of choosing pumping equipment to supply water to their home. An automatic water supply pumping station is exactly the equipment that will ensure the supply of water to all water collection points, automatically and with the proper pressure.

Let’s try to figure out what to consider when choosing equipment and how the pumping station is connected to the water supply.

The design of a water supply pumping station consists of a hydraulic accumulator, a pump and an automation unit. Before you start installing a water supply, you need to have at least a little idea of how the system works. At the place of installation, water supply pumping stations are classified as submersible and surface. In submersible units, some of the elements, including the pump, are located in the water; at the top there is a hydraulic accumulator and an automation unit.

An automatic water supply pumping station is a fully factory-ready product, but nothing prevents you from assembling such a station yourself with your own hands.

Types of pumping equipment

When choosing, you first need to decide on the heart of the pumping station - the pump. For surface automatic water supply pumping stations, pumps can be divided into:

vortex, centrifugal;
multi-stage or sectional.

Pumps with vortex and centrifugal operating principles are structurally similar; at first glance, they may not be distinguishable. The main thing is the principle of operation: centrifugal ones create pressure due to centrifugal force, and vortex ones due to the pressure created by the impeller blades during turbulence.

The main advantage of both is their simple design, which makes their repair and maintenance easier.

Multistage or sectional pumps, these types of units are made up of sections as liquid passes through each section, the pressure increases. The main advantage of such a pump is its ability to create a strong output pressure; they are less noisy.

The depth from which they are capable of raising water is usually from 7 to 10 meters.

The next type of pumps is submersible, which in turn can be divided:

borehole;
well

Wells and boreholes, their principle of operation for pumping water into submersible water supply stations is centrifugal - due to an impeller with blades and vibratory through the vibration of a diaphragm. The main advantage of these pumps, of course, is their noiselessness.

1. Pump power cord, 2. Pressure gauge, 3. Power cord, 4. Pressure switch, 5. Tee, 6. Hydraulic accumulator, 7. check valve, 8. water pipe, 9. Cable, 10. Submersible pump, 11. Well

Submersible units are usually installed where the water is too deep.

Important! The performance of the pump depends on the conditions: the depth of the intake, the height of the water rise and the pressure in the system.

Based on the type of water intake, stations can be divided into:

direct action;
ejector

When drawing water directly, the suction of water occurs due to the discharge of the pump created in the chamber; in simple words, it is simply a pipe extended from the pump to the water source. This method is inconvenient because the station has to be located in close proximity to the source. Although submersible pumps can be classified as this type, they stand separately in their own category.

1. Permissible water level, 2. Pressure height, 3. Water pipe, 4. Pressure gauge, 5. Pressure switch, 6. Power cord, 7. Surface electric pump, 8. Hydraulic accumulator, 9. Tee, 10. Non-return valve

Intake using ejection, when a vacuum is created due to the flow of water which, passing through the ejector, forms a reduced pressure and sucks in water along with it.

The advantage of this method of water intake is a greater depth of water intake; the station can be located at a distance from the source.

Automatic water supply pumping stations are equipped with an automation unit that turns the pump on and off.

The automation unit monitors the pressure in the tank and the speed of water flow, which protects the pump from dry running (operation without water) and significantly extends the service life of the pump.

Often stations are equipped with one control element. The name of the pressure switch speaks for itself; it allows you to adjust the water supply station to a certain pressure, upon reaching which the pump will turn off and turn on at the minimum pressure in the system.

Setting, pressure regulation is set by tuning springs “The more compressed the springs are, the stronger the pressure and vice versa.”

The pumping station is also equipped with a check valve.

The check valve prevents the pump from being left without water by stopping the reverse flow.

Hydraulic accumulator for station

It is important to consider the volume of the accumulator. A large volume is capable of providing water to a home for a long time in automatic mode, that is, in the off state.

This, firstly, will allow you to save on electricity, secondly, provided that the lights are turned off, the house will be provided with water for some time, how long will depend on the volume of the hydraulic accumulator, thirdly, the operation of a pump with a hydraulic accumulator is much longer than without him. When choosing, the large volume of the hydraulic accumulator is a plus, and the cost is a minus.

Equipment installation rules

For the equipment to operate, it is necessary to have a power supply. It is necessary to draw a line to where the station will be installed; it is advisable that your connection point (socket) has a degree of protection of at least IP44.

Connect and configure the equipment after you have read the manual supplied with this unit.

For a home with year-round use, we will consider the optimal installation schemes for an automatic water supply pumping station. To do this, there are a number of other criteria that must be taken into account before installing the equipment:

Place where it will be installed.
And how it will be used.

If operation is planned in winter, then the room where the station will be installed must be insulated and have ventilation. Regardless of the installation location, the room temperature should not be lower than +5 degrees.

The equipment should not be affected by temperature changes or frosts; the room should be ventilated, since the accumulation of condensate also has a bad effect on operation.

You can also make a caisson - this is a small structure for pumping equipment in which waterproofing is done, insulation is done, and the walls are sheathed with soundproofing materials.

Under the caisson, a depression of up to 2.5 meters is dug in the ground, where the pumping station is installed. This is a good option for installing a water supply station - the equipment is located below the ground freezing level, and a positive temperature will be constantly maintained inside the installation.

If water is drawn from a well, the casing pipe is cut slightly higher than the bottom of the caisson. A pump is lowered into the well pipe, which lifts water into the accumulator.

The pipes are laid in trenches below the freezing depth of the soil in this region, and to reduce the depth of the trench, you can insulate the pipes, which will allow you to dig less :)

Mandatory conditions are to insulate the system or install equipment directly inside the house, since when the unit freezes, it fails.

For the pumping station, regardless of the installation location, a rigid base is made; note that the base must be higher than the floor level.

When the equipment is installed in a house it causes a noise problem from the operating station. How then to install a water supply station if the pump motor is very noisy, it is proposed to consider two options:

install vibration damping supports;

make a soundproof box.

If you plan to use it seasonally, for example, for watering or in a house where there is no year-round residence, then everything is simple.

You can arrange a small box that needs to be dug in a little, make a canopy where the equipment is installed, if there is some kind of room, for example a barn, then you can put it there, but do not forget about ventilation and the base.

The station is removed for the winter.

Station connection

How to connect a pumping station? After choosing a suitable unit that meets all technical parameters, you need to know what is required to connect a station for water supply at home.

The main and important thing when installing a household water supply pumping station is the high-quality connection of all parts: pipes, pipes, couplings and inlet and outlet openings. How the nuts are tightened and other parts are connected will determine how protected the system is from air leaks and leaks. Before installation, study the instructions, which indicate the entire sequence of actions.

Prepare a stable base for installing the unit.
Place the station in the prepared place.
Place a filter on the suction pipe and lower it into the water.
Connect the outlet pipe and attach it to the pipe.
Fill the system with water and turn it on.

This is the sequence that is followed when connecting, but it all depends on the way the water supply system is installed in the house and on the type of equipment. Water supply to country houses has always been a pressing problem, and the use of an automatic water supply station has always solved this issue properly.

The connection of connecting, suction and supply pipes must be made with extreme care. To completely seal all connections, use fum tape or plumbing linen.

It is worth mentioning the station as the vacuum cleaner will suck up everything that gets through. In this case, the filters should melt:

coarse filter

It is installed directly at the end of the pipe at the suction to prevent the entry of large particles; it is usually made of mesh (you can make it yourself).

fine filter

Installed directly on the water supply line to the pump to exclude small particles, a full-fledged filter is already used.

How to choose equipment

In addition to choosing the unit itself, experts advise paying attention to several factors that play an important role when installing a private water supply:

Before purchasing equipment and installation, the distance over which water will be supplied is taken into account. Each system has its own threshold - the maximum depth (height) and distance from which water can be supplied are necessarily included in the documents for the equipment. Typically, a depth of one meter in a well is equal to a length of four meters at the top; this calculation scheme is used by specialists before installing pumping equipment and laying pipes.

The performance of a pumping station for water supply to a private home is the amount of water that the system is capable of delivering in a certain unit of time. For optimal calculation, we will provide you with a table that takes into account all the main expenses for business needs.

Table of water consumption in a private house:

Water consumption	Cubic/m. at one o'clock	Liter/min.


Dishwasher

Wash basin



Washing machine
Watering hydrant
		96 l/m - productivity

By calculating the average water consumption, you can select the optimal water consumption according to which the performance of the water supply station for your home is selected.

In each model, the manufacturer offers additional functions; in our case, it is worth paying attention to how protected the engine is from overheating and idling. Good motor protection parameters will extend the life of the equipment.

The pump housing also affects the lifespan of the equipment. A plastic motor is cheaper, but you need to be careful with it; it can easily be damaged during transportation or installation. A steel engine housing is considered a more optimal option in terms of survivability, but it is much louder. The cast iron body makes less noise, but when used in acidic water it quickly rusts. Experts recommend choosing a stainless steel case; on the other hand, this is the most expensive option of all those listed.

And in conclusion, I would like to say when choosing a water supply pumping station, do not be lazy to look at reviews, compare the presented products, analyze, ask questions to the seller and let him provide you with complete information. Only then make your choice.

“Beasts, cattle, trees, flowers, even flies drink without water, neither here nor there!” - these words from the cheerful song of a water carrier, written in 1937 by Lebedev-Kumach for the film “Jolly Fellows”, clearly tell the story of the importance of water supply in our country. In order to organize an effective constant supply of water to the water supply system of a private home, it is necessary to select the optimal equipment; for this, you should understand the principle of operation of a water pumping station.

In connection with the terminological confusion that has arisen recently, let us clarify what the concept of “pumping station” means in relation to a private house. From a technical point of view, a pumping station is a system for forced supply of liquid, which includes equipment (pumps, tanks, pipelines) and structures. In our case, the meaning is narrowed, structures (a well or borehole, a residential building) are taken out of the brackets. In practice, it has happened that sellers often call pumping stations only compact, fully complete units equipped with non-submersible pumps, denying this to other equipment. This interpretation can be increasingly found on the Internet, especially on non-professional resources. We will adhere to generally accepted technical concepts and will include in the review all types of pumping stations, regardless of their configuration method, design and the opinion of sales workers.

General structure and storage tanks

The equipment of any “home” water supply station includes a pump, a water tank and automatic control. The general operating principle of water stations couldn’t be simpler: the pump supplies water from a source, it accumulates in a reservoir, from where it enters the water supply system, and the automation turns the pump on and off.

Schematic diagram of a water station, one of the equipment options

With a general operating algorithm, station equipment and the features of their functioning vary significantly. Below we will take a closer look at the types of pumps and the purpose of automation; let’s start with tanks, because it is the differences in their design that determine the type of pumping station and the possibility of creating stable pressure in the water supply system. Reservoirs are divided into two groups: open storage tanks and hydraulic accumulators.

Open storage tanks

A storage tank is an outdated, but simple and inexpensive solution. At the highest point of the water supply (often in the attic) a steel or plastic container is installed into which the pump pumps water. From there it flows by gravity down to the water collection points. The higher the tank is located and the larger its volume, the more stable the pressure. Essentially, this is a mini-water tower, which has significant disadvantages:

The inability to provide sufficient pressure, which is common in modern water supply systems. Moreover, on the second floor the pressure will be noticeably weaker. And it’s not a fact that the washing machine will be able to work, and you’ll have to forget about the hydromassage shower and automatic watering systems.
You need to find a place in the house for a large and heavy container. The minimum tank volume is 80 liters, the recommended daily consumption is more than half a ton for a family of three, not counting the seasonal consumption for watering the garden.

Manufacturers offer a wide selection of polymer tanks, many of them are equipped with the necessary fittings for connection as a storage tank

The need for effective thermal insulation of the tank and pipelines if they are located in an unheated attic.
Unreliability of automation. It should ensure that the pump turns on when the water level drops below the set level and turns off when it is exceeded. An affordable solution is a lever float, like in old Soviet toilets, equipped with an electric contact group. The smaller the tank capacity, the more often it operates and the faster it fails.

The tank is not sealed and communicates with the atmosphere. To prevent the tank from overfilling and water from flooding the entire house in the event of a circuit breaker failure, an overflow is made at the top point - through which the excess is discharged into the sewer or onto the street. If the overflow does not function for some reason, expect trouble.

One of the few advantages of a storage tank is the ability to use a low-power pump, as long as it raises the water to the desired height. True, the weaker the pump, the larger the volume the reservoir must have, otherwise, with significant water withdrawal, the inflow will not keep up with the flow rate.

Diagram of a home water supply system, the basis of which is a submersible pump and an open storage tank

Hydraulic accumulators

Unlike storage tanks, hydraulic accumulators are sealed and operate under pressure. Inside there is a rubber membrane (the so-called “bulb”) filled with air, and less often a spring piston. When the tank is filled with water, the pneumatic membrane contracts, accumulating compression energy to a greater extent than water can do. When drawing water, the “pear” straightens, pushing out the liquid.

Design option for a membrane tank

The reservoir supplies the network with a volume of water noticeably greater than its nominal capacity. The automatic control is adjusted to the lower and upper pressure limits; if the water flow is low, the pump will not turn on. To adequately work with a hydraulic accumulator, you need an appropriate pump that is powerful enough to create the necessary pressure and efficient enough to keep up with refilling the tank. The main advantages of such tanks:

A hydraulic accumulator paired with an appropriate pump is capable of stably maintaining a given pressure in the water supply (1.5-3 bar), at which all household appliances that require water supply (washing and dishwasher, refrigerator with ice maker, etc.) will operate stably. any hydromassage devices, automatic watering systems. The vast majority of hydraulic accumulators are designed for a maximum pressure of 4.5 bar or more, which is more than enough to supply water to a two-story house with a basement.
The water pressure in all faucets and on all floors will be the same, even if several of them are turned on. But provided that the pipe sections and wiring diagram are chosen correctly.
The tank can be installed anywhere, it is compact. Placing it in the basement or on the first floor, it is convenient to maintain. The shape can be vertical or horizontal, this does not affect the characteristics.

Equipment options for pumping stations based on a hydraulic accumulator with surface and submersible pumps

How to choose a hydraulic accumulator

In a private house, hydraulic accumulators with a capacity of 20 liters to several hundred liters are installed. The specific need is calculated using special formulas, but roughly we can say that for a thrifty married couple the minimum volume is enough; for 3-4 people it is better to take 50-80 liters; for a large family or a house saturated with consumers (large-volume bathtub, swimming pool, large consumption for automatic watering, etc.) 100 liters or more is suitable. In theory, the larger the tank, the better: pressure drops are minimized; it turns on less often, which means the pump lasts longer; In case of a power outage there is a greater reserve. But the tank is larger and costs more. It is possible to install several hydraulic accumulators; if the initial capacity was not enough, you can add another one. In the case where one pump and well serves two apartments or houses, each of the neighbors can install their own separate tank. When choosing a pump, it should be taken into account that its performance should approximately correspond to the volume of the hydraulic accumulator; for 20 l, 1.5 m3/h is enough, 50 l - 2.5 m3/h, 100 l - 5 m3/h.

The choice of hydraulic accumulators by volume is very wide

Operating pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator is not difficult: once a month it is recommended to check the pressure in the air membrane and, if necessary, pump it up with a regular car pump.

Attention: during pumping, the power supply to the pump must be turned off and the water intake must be open!

What pumps are equipped with pumping stations?

Pumps for water supply to private houses are divided into two groups: surface and submersible. This difference does not affect the general design of the pumping station, and both are capable of interacting with both storage tanks and hydraulic accumulators. Each group has pumps of different capacities, the maximum values are similar, but the lift height (pressure) is significantly lower for surface ones; for deep wells, only submersible ones are used.

Note! When choosing a pump, you cannot rely only on its rated capacity. The fact is that the main characteristics indicate its maximum value, which is achieved only up to a certain lifting height. With increasing altitude, productivity also decreases; at maximum pressure values, it decreases significantly.

The graph shows how much productivity depends on the lifting height

Surface pumps

Surface pumps are located at the top; only the intake hose is lowered into the well or well. Water suction in single-stage pumps occurs due to ejection, creating a vacuum. Ejector pumping stations are cheap, but have an increased noise level. Multistage ones are more expensive, but quieter and more economical. In general, surface pumps with a relatively high productivity, 4-8 m3/hour, cannot lift water to a significant height; budget models (most of them are 15-20 m, the most expensive are 55 m. This type of pump is used in complete pumping stations ( the popular name is “crazy”, it is combined in one block with a small-volume hydrophore (24-50 l) and simple automation. Such stations are relatively cheap and are ready for operation immediately after connecting to pipelines. But, given their low pressure, stations are used. only with an insignificant well depth - from 8-15 m, rarely more.

Complete pumping station SperoniAPM 100 based on an ejector surface pump (top) and a 25-liter hydraulic accumulator, maximum well depth 25 m

Submersible pumps

For deep wells and wells, submersible (deep) pumps are suitable. Their performance is comparable to the previous type, but the pressure is much higher, up to 125 m. Structurally, they are divided into vibration and centrifugal.

Vibration pumps (domestic “Malysh”, “Rucheyok”) are very cheap, but their characteristics are modest: pressure up to 60 m, a significant drop in productivity with increasing lift height. They are good for wells, but for long-term use in wells they are not the best option; vibration over time contributes to silting of the filter. Quite noisy if the source is not soundproofed. They are not capable of creating significant pressure and are better suited for use with storage tanks.

"Rucheyok" - cheap and cheerful

Centrifugal pumps are much more expensive and more powerful, operate silently, and are very reliable. Models for wells have an external cooling jacket and a large diameter. Borehole pumps are capable of lifting water to great heights, have a limited diameter, and are more sensitive to voltage changes.

Centrifugal pumps: on the left, with a larger diameter and with an external cooling jacket - for wells, on the right - for wells

For submersible pumps, a check valve is required; in vibrating pumps, it is part of the design and is located in front of the pump; in centrifugal pumps, it is after it, often supplied separately from the pump.

The productivity of the equipment and the amount of water consumption should not exceed the flow rate of the well, so that a critical decrease in the water level does not occur.

Does it make sense to overpay for automation?

Automatic control is designed to perform two functions: maintain a given pressure in the water supply network and ensure equipment protection.

Pressure stability is ensured by turning the pump on and off when it drops and normalizes and by the action of the pneumatic membrane. There are several types of control, from the simplest pressure switches to complex microprocessor devices that precisely maintain the required parameters.
Protection may be needed from “dry running”, when the source has dried up, from overheating, and unstable voltage. Centrifugal well pumps operating in extreme conditions need it more than others. Advanced, expensive models are equipped with comprehensive built-in protection. The sensor and automatic dry running can be installed independently of the pump.

Additional pumping station equipment, including automation

Selection and installation of equipment

Knowing how a pumping station works, we understand the principles for selecting equipment. It is necessary to take into account water consumption, source flow, lift height and your family budget. For a country house, you can decide for yourself and even install the “crazy” on a shallow well with your own hands. By the way, it is always better to install the equipment in the house, in a warm place and with easy access. But as for the pumping station for a decent house with a deep well, here you can make an approximate estimate yourself, but it is still better to entrust the final configuration, installation and configuration to specialists.

Video: how to assemble and install a pumping station

When organizing water supply for an individual cottage or small enterprise located in a rural area, it is necessary to properly equip the water intake point and lay the necessary pipelines. In the case of permanent residence and regular water consumption, installing an ordinary centrifugal pump cannot provide the user with the required level of convenience. For this purpose, special equipment has been developed and presented on the market that can comprehensively solve the problem of uninterrupted water supply for a private home or other isolated facility. This article is devoted to the design and operating principle of a pumping station, which can easily be found in a specialized store.

The water supply system of a building with a pumping station diagram included as an integral part includes several main elements.

Well or well, in which the primary accumulation and settling of liquid occurs. For year-round use, it should be insulated.
Suction line equipped with a check valve. Typically, a coarse filter to remove mechanical impurities is installed on it in the well or directly in front of the pumping station.
The pumping station itself, providing the facility with water at the required flow rate and pressure.
Pressure pipe with fine filter, leading to all water taps.

The design of a pumping station for home water supply is extremely simple and functional. It includes the following mechanisms.

Water centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor. When it is turned on, a vacuum is created in the inlet pipe and excess pressure in the pressure pipe. As a result, liquid is sucked from the well and pumped into the water supply collector of the house.
Pressure gauge, allowing you to monitor on site how the pump is working.
Diaphragm accumulator responsible for the constant availability of the required supply of water at operating pressure in the system.
Pressure switch, providing control signals to start and stop the electric motor.
Flexible hose, connecting the pump to the hydraulic accumulator.
Shut-off valves for the possibility of disconnecting pipelines during inspection, maintenance and repair of equipment.

Important! The design of the centrifugal pump does not allow it to be turned on for a long time without filling it with liquid. This can lead to overheating of individual parts and failure of the entire unit. To eliminate such situations, a dry running sensor is provided that turns off the engine in the absence of water.

Dry running sensor DPR-6

How does this system work?

To properly operate the water supply system, you need to know the operating principle of the pumping station. Domestic water consumption occurs periodically, so there is no need for constant pump operation. On the other hand, it is convenient for the resident to have liquid flow appear immediately after opening the tap. These problems are solved in a simple and effective way.

A running pump provides the consumer with water and pumps it into the storage tank. At the same time, the excess pressure increases throughout the system until it reaches the set maximum value. At this moment, the relay is activated and the electric motor is turned off. As the liquid is consumed, its pressure decreases until the control unit again gives the command to start the pump.

The design of a hydraulic accumulator and its advantages over a water pressure tank

The hydraulic accumulator is a sealed container designed to operate under high pressure. Its interior space is divided into two parts rubber membrane, firmly attached with the edges to the walls of the apparatus. On one side, water is supplied from it, on the other, air is pumped through the nipple to a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres.

The operating principle of such a device is based on its periodic filling and emptying of liquid. Its pressure changes gradually due to the air cushion, which acts as a compressing and decompressing spring. This design allows you to consume water for a long time without turning on the pump.

Advice! The volume of the container is selected based on the expected liquid consumption. For the average family, devices with a capacity of 25-40 liters are suitable. For large water consumption, 100 or more liters will be required. For a dacha used as a place for Sunday rest, 15 liters is enough.

Pumping stations with hydraulic accumulators have replaced outdated schemes that were used as a storage tank. pressure tanks. They had to be installed at a high altitude, and they were emptied by gravity . The modern version has a number of significant advantages:

compact dimensions;
simple installation;
ability to maintain high pressure;
no risk of overflow in case of fill sensor failure.

When choosing equipment, it is better to choose models that can work without a tank.

Operation of the control unit

The main advantage of the pumping station is work in automatic mode. In industrial installations, this may require a separate control cabinet with a variety of measuring and control devices.

Household equipment is equipped with a standard control unit, which contains all the necessary options. Its main element is relay. It has two springs adjusted to the maximum and minimum pressure of the system. Contacts are connected to them, which at the right moment close and open the electrical power supply circuit of the pump motor.

Performs an extremely useful function fluid flow controller, which provides protection against dry running by turning off the pump when air enters the suction hose. A number of models have electrical interlocks against motor overheating and power surges.

Differences in pumping stations by type of suction devices

The most important characteristic of any surface pump is the depth of liquid suction. It depends on the type of equipment and additional devices installed on the intake hose.

To improve pumping, an ejector is usually used - a small structure in the form of a tube with an internal nozzle. It creates a vacuum due to a jet of water escaping from a narrow hole at high speed.

Ejectorless pumping stations even theoretically they cannot reach a suction depth of 10 meters. In practice, this figure is always much lower. They are used when pumping from a shallow well. The presence of an ejector ensures more stable operation of the surface pump with a large length of the receiving pipeline.

Pumping stations with built-in ejector capable of lifting water from a depth of 7-8 meters. In this case, air is first sucked out, and then water is pumped out. Such systems are installed in separate rooms, since they require good sound insulation.

Sometimes the ejector is placed directly in the well. It requires the connection of two pipes to operate. Through one of them, water is supplied under pressure from the pump to create a high-speed jet, and through the other, pumping occurs. Pumping stations with a remote ejector can draw liquid from a depth of up to 50 meters. They do not emit much noise, but their efficiency rarely exceeds 40%.

Correct use of equipment

Pumping stations are designed for long-term autonomous operation in continuous mode. They can be used for domestic water supply and fire extinguishing purposes. Excellent performance and high reliability modern models of the Jumbo brand. They require minimal maintenance. During their normal operation it is necessary:

periodically carry out an external inspection for the absence of omissions and extraneous sounds;
wash the coarse filter at least once a year;
in case of a long break for the winter period, empty all cavities of water and store the dismantled equipment in a heated room;
at the first start after depreservation, check the correctness of all connections and make sure that the pump operates smoothly.

Providing a private home or country house with water is one of the most important components of comfortable living outside the city. In the absence of a centralized water supply, there is little. For the uninterrupted operation of the water supply system, it is necessary to have a water pumping station in it, which will ensure the supply of water to each of the water intake points. Choosing a suitable unit for your home plumbing is not difficult. It is important to take into account all comments and reviews regarding each of the water stations for your home or garden.

Design and principle of operation of the pumping station

The main task of the pumping station is to provide residential buildings and adjacent land with water from artificial or natural sources. It is these units that help fill additional tanks intended for watering the garden or garden plants, as well as provide water to traditional water collection points:

geyser;
etc.

Design of a pumping station for a private house

As a rule, a pumping station is a combination of several separate mechanisms combined into one powerful device for pumping water. Each of the elements of the device has a very important task:

Pump. The workhorse of the station. It pumps water directly from the source to the reservoir.
Hydraulic accumulator. Presented in the form of a hydropneumatic tank with a volume of 18 to 100 liters.
Pressure switch. It is used to control the station.
Check valve. Prevents liquid from flowing back to the source.
Pressure gauge. Allows you to monitor pressure readings in the system.
Connecting hoses and pipes.

Advice. A filtration system installed in front of the pumping station will not only provide users with purified water, but will also extend the life of the water supply system by removing hardness salts, organic compounds and suspended substances from the liquid.

What to consider when choosing a water pumping station

The first thing you need to pay attention to when purchasing a station is the power of the pump. The water pressure in the system and its flow rate depend on this indicator. The water supply parameter should be close to the maximum volume of consumption at all water points. As a rule, this indicator is averaged rather roughly and all models are adapted to a nominal flow rate of 1.5-9 m3/h.

Water pumping station

The pressure indicator is also entered into the station characteristics table separately. In the passport it is indicated as the distance over which the pump supplies water. But in fact, this parameter means the pressure that the station is capable of creating. So, the indicated pressure of 40 m shows that the pump will create a pressure of 4 atmospheres under ideal conditions. Since during operation there are some pressure losses on the pipeline layout, as well as water rising to a certain height, this figure will be significantly lower.

Important! A powerful device does not always justify the investment in it. As a rule, the productivity of such a system will exceed the filling of the well. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the well. The shorter the distance to the source of water intake and the higher the level of occurrence of the water resource, the less power the purchased device should have.

Also, when choosing a water pumping station, it is necessary to take into account the autonomy of the unit. This will be needed by users living in areas with power supply problems. To ensure uninterrupted operation of the pump, you can additionally install a generator or solar battery on the site.

Types of pumps

Water stations differ from each other in the types of pumping units. This is the main part of the system that does all the main work. That is why the emphasis must be placed on choosing a pump for the water supply station of a private house.

Also, surface pumps differ in the type of ejector device. Designs are available with built-in and remote devices.

Models with built-in ejector Use when water depth is no more than 7 meters. Such pumps can lift water with a high concentration of mineral salts, gases and particles up to 2 mm in size. Capable of creating high pressure. Water is collected using a reinforced hose, the end of which is immersed in the source. As a rule, this type of pump is equipped with a coarse filter, which prevents sand and other large contaminants from entering the housing.

Centrifugal surface pump with built-in ejector

Pumps with remote ejector capable of pumping water from a depth of up to 40 m. In this case, the diameter of the well should not be less than 100 mm. A prerequisite for installing such a device is the additional installation of a filtration system. Such models are installed when the water source is located at a distance from the pumping station.

Self-priming pump with remote ejector

The durability, noiselessness and stability of the plumbing system depend on the material from which the product body is made:

stainless steel - increases the cost of the product, improves the aesthetic appearance of the station, does not affect the quality of the pumped liquid, but does not have sound insulation;
cast iron – a prerequisite is the application of an anti-corrosion layer, it pleases with a good level of sound insulation;
plastic is practically silent, the possibility of corrosion and the presence of rust in water is excluded.

Hydropneumatic tank

Equipping water pumping stations with an accumulation tank will make the system autonomous in the event of a sharp drop in the water level at the source. This is achieved by accumulating the nominal amount of water resource specified in the documents accompanying the product. In addition, it acts as a pressure regulator in the water supply system.

Hydraulic accumulators

The volume of the expansion tank directly depends on resource consumption. Consequently, the greater the number of simultaneously active water points, the larger the required tank volume. The most common station models are equipped with hydropneumatic tanks up to 50 liters. Maximum volume – 100 l.

Advice. If only 1 person lives in a house or country house, then a tank with a volume of 18-21 liters will be sufficient.

Electronic control – additional protection of the pumping station

To increase the service life of the water station, it is equipped with an electronic control unit. The main functions that lie on it are protective.

The disadvantage of pumping stations equipped with electronic control is their increased cost. This is what turns off many buyers.

Rules for installing a water pumping station for a private house

The main thing when installing a pumping station on a site is choosing a location for its placement. Here you need to take into account all the basic requirements:

the distance to the source of water intake must correspond to the characteristics specified in the passport;
the device must be installed in a heated room if operation is planned in winter;
to avoid the appearance of condensation caused by the difference in ambient temperatures and the pumped liquid, it is imperative to select a well-ventilated room;
Providing soundproofing of the walls of the room will help maintain the level of comfort in the house.

Water pump installation diagram

To dampen pump vibration, the station is installed on shock-absorbing rubberized pads or a mat. It is also important to take care of the grounding of the installation operating from the mains. This will ensure the safety of the system’s interaction with household members.

If the station pipes are not sealed, the pressure is lost. Therefore, in case of any deviations in the operation of the system, it is imperative to inspect all connections in the device.

Timely maintenance of the system will help prolong the operation of the water pumping station. Regular inspection for damage or blockages will save you from additional costs for repairs and the purchase of new equipment.