Laying water supply pipes in an apartment - what are the diagrams? Do-it-yourself water distribution in an apartment Which pipe to distribute water around the apartment

The layout of water supply pipes in modern houses and apartments is examined in detail, and the open and closed method of installing pipes is described. Requirements for the pipeline are presented, the use of the collector and its types are considered.

Repairing the bathroom of a private house, apartment or cottage begins with installing pipes and connecting plumbing. Laying water supply and sewerage pipes is a very important and responsible task for every home owner. The interaction of various plumbing elements and devices forms the water supply and sewerage system of a house or apartment. (See also: How to properly connect a boiler)

To install the pipeline, the exact dimensions and parameters of all plumbing fixtures are required. This is necessary to avoid mistakes with the installation angles when installing the sink, bathtub and toilet. Once the location of all the devices has been determined, you should proceed to the process of grooving the walls, during which it should be taken into account that the grooving must be done at a sufficient depth so that the pipes can easily fit into it. Example: with a pipe diameter of 20 mm, the required diameter of the groove is 25 mm. It is worth noting that the collector wiring provides for a wider fine.

Figure 1: Layout of water supply pipes

The installation of water supply pipes can be done in both open and closed ways. Each method has both pros and some cons. Both installation schemes are reliable, but taking into account the nuances and features of maintenance and operation, they differ. Reliable execution of communications is ensured by the strength of modern pipes and fittings. Externally mounted pipes can be carefully hidden, while leaving access to them (if necessary) without unnecessary destruction.

Hidden method of installing water supply pipes

The advantage of this type of installation is that it looks more aesthetically pleasing. But if the need for repairs arises, opening the walls will be inevitable. The coating will be destroyed with subsequent repair of the walls, regardless of whether it is tiles or other finishing materials. It is quite convenient to install sensors responsible for leaks, since information about possible problems will be received in a timely manner. (See also: Open water supply system)

Figure 2: Hidden method of pipe installation

Open method of installing water supply pipes

This method is more unpretentious in terms of maintenance. All additional connections are made quite quickly. If you need to rearrange plumbing fixtures in the bathroom or remodel the room, you should use an external method of installing water supply pipes. In addition, this type of installation makes it clear in a timely manner that a leak has occurred, which will facilitate its immediate elimination.

Figure 3: Open pipe installation method

Difficulties in choosing pipes

Polypropylene pipes, as well as metal-plastic pipes, are the most common at present. All of them are distinguished by their external design and operational reliability. The advantage of metal-plastic pipes is that they can be laid in the most inaccessible places, since they are quite light. Laying water supply pipes made of polypropylene has its advantages: they are smooth and look quite discreet and aesthetically pleasing when laid openly. But, given the already existing infrastructure of the premises, polypropylene pipes cannot be used in hard-to-reach places.

In difficult places, entering into an existing water supply can be done using metal-plastic pipes, while this is almost impossible to do with polypropylene pipes due to the large equipment used for their installation. Laying water supply pipes made of polypropylene is more expensive than those made of metal-plastic, since the labor costs for the installation process of polypropylene pipes are much higher. (See also: Water supply to the apartment)

Figure 4: Polypropylene pipes

Advice! New bends are easier to connect to a metal-plastic pipe.

Collectors

Recently, collectors have begun to be widely used, which distribute water from the main pipeline to plumbing fixtures (showers, faucets, toilets). This type of device comes with four, three and two outputs. If there are more than four consumer points, then collectors are used, and the required number of drainage systems are intertwined.

Figure 5: Manifold

The collector is convenient to use for minor repairs in the kitchen or bathroom, when you only need to disconnect one plumbing fixture from the system. In addition, it reduces the stress on the main connections and pipes during the water distribution process. Also, when using a collector, there is no need to install additional tees that distribute the movement of water flow in the system.

Important! Collectors are installed on cold and hot water pipes only after pressure reducers and filters for water purification are connected. (See also: How to make a water heater with your own hands)

Differences in pipe routing from different materials

As a rule, the switchgear is made from chrome-plated brass of fairly high quality: Italian, German or Czech manufacturers. The installation of water supply pipes in an apartment using a metal-plastic pipeline and the installation of galvanized (steel) pipes differ not only in the quality of the material used, but also in better cross-country ability, resistance to corrosion, and durability in operation.

Figure 6: Layout of water supply pipes in the apartment

The advantage of manifold installation is the ability to turn off each consumer separately, while obtaining a much lower pressure drop. In practice, this can be observed when the pressure of hot water in the shower drops sharply, as a consequence of the washing machine or other plumbing appliance turning on.

Pipeline requirements

There are several basic requirements for the pipeline:

1. Pipes must be made of material that is not subject to corrosion;
2. The wear resistance of the pipeline must be high;
3. The pipes should not have threaded connections that are hidden in the wall.

Features of pipe installation

Pipe installation should be carried out following the sequence of actions. In order to replace old metal pipes with new plastic counterparts, when installing, you must first turn off the water supply. Then you should begin the process of dismantling the old pipes, and using special fittings of appropriate sizes, install new plastic pipes, and then connect the necessary plumbing fixtures.

Figure 7: Piping diagram

It is also possible to install water supply pipes with your own hands, but as practice shows, plumbing services from a professional are much cheaper than the process of correcting your mistakes. You should pay attention to useful tips for those who have begun to do everything with their own hands:

• the pipe that enters the apartment must be larger in diameter than the one inside the apartment;
• using filters will help keep faucets free of debris and rust in the water;
• shut-off valves should be used from well-known manufacturers;
• You shouldn’t skimp on pipes;
• it is necessary to check the water pressure and, if necessary, increase the pressure.

For hidden installation, pipes and fittings of a certain type are used. Today, the collector type of pipe installation is becoming more and more common. This installation involves the process of individually laying water pipes made of polypropylene foam or metal-plastic. This system is relevant for large apartments with more than two bathrooms and one riser, as well as in cases where there are many consumers at the same time.

HomeSite map

There are two types of tubular manifold and parallel.

Before you begin drawing up the layout of the pipeline and the position of the water distribution points, you must determine what equipment is intended for installation:

Kitchen - mixer for cold and hot water, dishwasher, boiler, gas boiler, gas columns

Bathroom - shower, bath, washbasin, bidet, toilet, washing machine, water heater.

Even if at the moment there is no money, for example, a shower cabin, it is better to think about the connections for its connection in advance.

Consistent water distribution.

Serial wiring is also called tee cables. is mounted with one line, and the wiring from the common pipe to the plumbing equipment is carried out using boots and corners.

The downside to this wiring is that you can't block individual connections and the likelihood that overall water pressure will decrease if multiple plumbing fixtures are running.

Pros: Easy and quick installation and not much of a component cost compared to manifold wiring.



Sequential distribution of water pipes

(red shows hot water distribution, blue shows cold).



Installation of polypropylene pipes and installation of seaweed.

Distribution of pipelines for distribution to manifolds

Most often, such wiring is installed where it is planned to hide pipes for plaster or decorative plates, pipes underground, or pierce it in a concrete screed.

The advantage of manifold wiring is that each consumer (water fixture) is a separate line separating it from the regular manifold.

Distribution of water in a home - comparison of tees and manifolds

Thanks to this separation, you can block one point at any time without damaging other devices. With this separation there is a constant distribution of water so that the pressure (head) is equal at all points.

The only disadvantage of such a system is the price, which includes a large number of pipes and fittings and collectors (distribution ridges) with shut-off valves.



Water supply - bicycle.



Hot and cold water collector with shut-off valves,water filters, pipes with copper tube.

Selecting material for fitting

The choice of materials depends on how the installation will be installed, how the pipes will be laid - closed or hidden, ease of installation, for example.

ability of the work itself. Price is also an important factor.

Many sources still indicate that the water pipe may be made of metal, but it's worth saying that this was yesterday.

And there are many good durable materials on the market for plumbing fixtures that are easy to install, durable, reliable, harmless, i.e. ideal for drinking water supply and have a very nice appearance.

Below is a table with comparative characteristics of pipes used in water supply installations.

Installation of water pipes

Although there are two different connection schemes, in practice the series circuit is used or combined in series mode.

The simplest materials in connection with the installation of plumbing are polypropylene, metal plastics, and pipes made of alternating polyethylene and copper.

Open plumbing - pipes move along the walls.

Polypropylene pipes are most often used with open installation.

Hidden installation of plumbing - pipes are laid in solid and hidden plaster, in a concrete screed, in the subway.

The water pipeline starts from the entry point, for example, the source of water supply is a pumping station, battery, pressure tank, central water supply.

The entire supply pipe, in order to have the least pressure loss, must be at least one inch in diameter.

A water filter and shut-off valve are mandatory.

The pipeline is then installed according to the selected layout, e.g. pipes in the bathroom, kitchen, laundry. If the hose installation starts in the basement and the boiler is installed in the same place, a separate socket for the boiler is made.

In case of installing a series, if it is not planned to hide it with decorative tablets and a channel, it is recommended that the tubes be placed above the plate from 15 to 30 cm.

This way, the pipes will be barely visible, and in rooms hidden by sanitary equipment.

When laying walls and ceilings, pipes must be protected from damage.

For this purpose, a housing or a special cuff is placed in the hole.

The pipes are fixed with special clamps, plastic and metal clamps.

Installation with polypropylene pipes

This will be necessary - a soldering nozzle device; pipe cutter; calibrator; equipment - plugs, couplings, elbows, transitions, locks; Clamps corresponding to the diameter of the pipe (necessary for fastening pipes along the walls); pipes with a diameter of 1 inch and ¾.

It is best to use a ¾ pipe to supply water to sanitary equipment in a private home.

This is due to the fact that the marking of polypropylene pipes is the outer diameter. For example, if the tube is 1 inch, this does not mean that the inside diameter will be the outside diameter, so the inside passage will be significantly narrower due to the thickness of the walls.

A compensator is not needed for the plumbing system.

Installation is performed in series. Pipes are easy to cut and solder. The cutting part of the pipe must be calibrated and cleaned with the inner blades using a knife.

After soldering, it is necessary to form a kind of shoulder.

For couplings made of polypropylene with pipes made of other materials and for installing algae, combined equipment with metal threads is used.



Pipes and fittings made of polypropylene.



Installation with metal plastic pipes

Such pipes are made in both open and closed installations.

When it is open, you can use the fasteners (not poured) and the clamp (compact).

When you hide, just click the accessories.

This is because the clamping elements gradually expand and the key must be twisted with a key.

For installation you need 1 inch and 3¾ pipes; accessories - corners, couplings, adapters, shoes, transitions; pipe cutter; calibrator; press presses (you can hire them); wrench for fastening fittings.

Metal plastic pipes are sold in long spools, so it is advisable to use only one pipe when laying pipes under screed or under plaster.



Installation of connectors with threaded connections.



Pipes and fittings for fastening.

Installation of copper pipes

This is necessary - pipes ¾ and ½ cm (copper pipes have thin walls); gas-burner; Wire for metal and metal brushes for recycling; flux paste; rations; equipment - adapters, angles, transitions, shoes, couplings, seaweed.

Installation of solder connections.

The end of the pipe and inside the fastening are immersed in a thin layer of flow

The installation is installed on the hose until it stops

The connection is heated until the color of the tube changes

In the solder core, measure a length equal to the diameter of the pipe and make a cut.

When the joint is heated, solder is drawn into the groove between the tube and the nozzle, cutting it over the notch.

Not everyone can handle their own food.

To connect copper pipes, special pressing elements are also used, which are glued together using a special tool.

Pipes and fittings.

Press attachment.

Soldering copper pipes.

An open tube is not used for open pipe laying; for hidden pipes - annealed (lightly bent).

Installation with alternating polyethylene pipes

These pipes are simple and straightforward to install, but what will be needed is a special interleaved polyethylene pipe installation test tool that can be found; pipe cutter; calibrator; brass or PPSU (polyphenylsulfone) fittings - plugs, couplings, adapters, squares; pipes with a diameter of 3/4.

Set up links.

The hose is mounted on a sliding sleeve

Using a pressure tool, the sleeve is stretched to the pipe connection - the connection as a whole is very strong.

Such connections can be introduced under screed or plaster.

When choosing pipes made of alternating polyethylene, you should pay attention to their markings, i.e.

Suitability for drinking water supply.

Pipes and fittings.

And one more very important point that needs to be noted after the water supply system is ready, the choice and purchase of material is quality!

There is no need to store and buy cheap pipes and accessories of dubious quality.

The water supply system must be reliable, durable, durable and sealed. And this applies not only to hermetic installation, but also to open installation.

Materials must be purchased from specialized stores that provide a guarantee on the goods and provide a quality certificate for all products.

02/9/2013 at 21:02

Typical apartment bathroom wiring diagram

The performance of equipment connected to the water supply system depends on correct installation.

It is important to choose the right water supply scheme for the apartment, which will ensure timely water supply from the central water supply to all distribution points.

At the same time, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water pressure for the correct operation of all plumbing equipment and household appliances.

There are currently two main water supply system layouts in use. One of them is called serial or tee, the second is called collector.

In this article we will look at the design and operating principle of these engineering structures.

Collector circuit - features and device

Collector wiring diagram

Recently, there has been an increase in the use of plumbing fixtures in various apartments.

It is necessary to ensure their normal functioning, which is why they are increasingly choosing a collector circuit for distributing water supply systems.

At the same time, installing water supply in an apartment according to this scheme is considered the most difficult and expensive.

However, such a scheme initially eliminates the pressure drop at individual points of water consumption. As a result, there are no problems with using plumbing fixtures for their intended purpose at the same time.

Why is this happening? An individual pipe is laid to each point of water consumption; if desired, it can be closed and maintenance or repair of a specific connected device can be carried out.

The collector water supply scheme consists of the following components:

Cold water riser (CWR);
2. A tap used to shut off storage tanks;
3. Pressure reducers and SCV filters.
4. Distributor-collector SHS.
5. Shut-off valve, which serves to stop the supply of cold water to the water heater.
6.

Water heating component.
7. Shut-off valve, which serves to stop the supply of hot water to the water heater;
8. Hot water riser (HSR).
9. Main valve SGV.
10. Pressure reducers and filters SGV.
11. Distributor-collector SGV.
12.

Shut-off valves that shut off the hot water supply to the towel dryer in the bathroom;
13. All kinds of plumbing fixtures.

From the above, you can easily get an idea of ​​the basic principle of the design of the collector distribution of the water supply system.

In it, each individual water consumer is connected directly to the cold water riser collectors and valves through a separate pipe.

Moreover, such pipes do not have branches or any other connections throughout their entire section, and this reduces the likelihood of leaks to zero.

This system has two connections available for repair and maintenance: pipe - collector and pipe - water consumer.

Advantages of a collector system

Among the advantages are the following:

• Hidden installation of pipes generally improves the appearance of the apartment;
• A small number of connections ensures reliability;
• Taking into account the features of an individual plumbing fixture when installing its protection - installing filters and reducers that ensure timely uninterrupted supply of the required volume of water and the level of pressure in the risers necessary for normal operation;
• Complete shutdown or regulation of a separate device using a tap installed at the outlet of the collector to the supply pipe;
• Easy to repair and maintain.

In addition, sometimes it makes sense to install purifiers and filters.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the installation diagram:

Comprehensive water purification for home

Serial (tee) circuit - features and device

Serial wiring diagram

Constructed according to a tee scheme, the water supply system in the apartment is the simplest, cheapest and most unpretentious option for installing utilities.

In the houses of the old housing stock, it is most often found.

However, today's builders often do not forget about it even today.

The installation of main pipelines in accordance with the tee wiring diagram, through which both hot and cold water supply to the apartment is carried out, is carried out in a parallel way.

In this case, any plumbing fixture is connected to the pipes using tees.

That is why this scheme is called a tee.

The provided diagram assumes the presence of a common part of the mains for several water consumers, from which there are multiple branches connected using tees.

The main pipe acts as an extended collector. It, in comparison with others that depart from it and go directly to each plumbing fixture, should have a larger diameter.

By the way: Sequential is an ideal option for distributing water in an ordinary apartment with one bathroom and a small number of installed plumbing fixtures.

Advantages and disadvantages of sequential circuit

The advantages of sequential include:

• Saving pipes;
• Small material costs associated with laying;
• Ease of installation and simplicity of the project.

However, it also has many disadvantages:

• It is difficult to find places of leaks, because there are many branches, and they are scattered in disarray throughout the system;
• In the case of a large number of connections of plumbing fixtures, a decrease in pressure at points of consumption and a drop in overall pressure are possible;
• It is impossible to selectively turn off the water supply to a separate device; to do this, you need to shut off the entire riser at the inlet;
• It is impossible to provide a convenient and quick access to all pipes and connections, because they are mostly hidden in the wall or under the floor;
• In the event of a break, to eliminate the accident, you will have to disturb the finishing of the room, which means there will be additional costs for subsequent repairs.

Remember: If the installation of pipes in an apartment is carried out by professionals who pay attention to the quality of the materials used, who follow the procedure and technology for carrying out plumbing work, then the likelihood of accidents and leaks is minimal.

In a sequential wiring that is professionally installed, the possibility of pressure drops is eliminated.

We also invite you to watch the video in which the author talks in detail about water distribution in the apartment and gives useful tips.

When developing a water supply project for an apartment, you must first determine according to what scheme the pipes will be routed.

The decision should be made taking into account the most optimal operating conditions for plumbing equipment at a given facility.

The installation of engineering communications must be calculated and designed by specialists.

Here it is important to carry out the installation correctly, which must be carried out in accordance with the developed technical documentation and appropriate construction technologies.

Compliance with all requirements, norms and rules when installing utility systems will ensure reliable operation of both individual plumbing fixtures and the entire water supply system as a whole.

Metal pipes
Plastic pipes for water supply
Polyethylene pipes
Polypropylene pipes
Metal-plastic pipes - which ones are better?
Diameter of pipes for water supply in an apartment
The nuances of installing a water supply system

The choice of pipes for water supply is a very important issue that must be resolved when arranging a system in an apartment or private house. There are a lot of requirements for pipes: they must be durable, reliable, affordable and easy to install.

Metal and plastic pipes fully meet these requirements. Both options have a fairly extensive range, so choosing the optimal material suitable for a particular situation is quite possible. This article will discuss which pipes are best for plumbing in an apartment.

Metal pipes

One of the main disadvantages of metal pipes is their excessive weight, which causes difficulties that arise during the transportation and installation of products. Pipe installation is carried out using permanent (welding or soldering) and detachable threaded connections. The use of a detachable connection simplifies further repairs of the system due to the ease of replacing damaged parts of the structure.

Using ordinary steel pipes in water supply is extremely unprofitable - this material has practically no resistance to corrosion, so the pipeline begins to rust.

In addition to the fact that because of this, the system will begin to deteriorate at an accelerated pace, the water in the tap will also have a characteristic color and taste of rust.

When transporting water, steel pipes quickly begin to leak and lose their tightness, so they have to be replaced.

Another negative factor associated with rust is plaque on the inner surface of the pipeline, which reduces its throughput.

So it turns out that with high mechanical strength and heat resistance, it is undesirable to use steel pipes for arranging water supply systems.

Galvanized pipes for water supply are a completely different matter. The cost of such pipes is an order of magnitude higher than the cost of steel products, but it is clearly justified.

The most important advantage of galvanized steel is its resistance to corrosion, which eliminates most of the disadvantages associated with this factor. However, a lot of weight is inherent in this type of pipe, so their installation cannot be called simple.

The best option for metal pipes for water supply is copper products.

They are distinguished by a very high cost and a considerable number of advantages. The service life of copper pipes is quite high, as is safety (however, there is a nuance associated with the appearance of copper oxides, but this phenomenon does not occur in every case). Also, this material is characterized by the traditional complexity of installation for metal pipes - soldering copper pipes cannot be classified as a simple process.

Plastic pipes for water supply

A modern alternative to metal products is plastic pipes, which have many advantages and disadvantages compared to their more traditional steel counterparts.

In particular, polymer products are lightweight, simplifying transportation and installation, and are characterized by good performance characteristics and low cost.

There are two main types of plastic pipes used in plumbing:

• Polyethylene;
• Polypropylene.

It is worth considering both types in more detail.

Polyethylene pipes

One of the materials used for the manufacture of plastic pipes is cross-linked polyethylene, which, due to a special production technology, has increased strength characteristics without loss of flexibility and elasticity.

There are also low-pressure HDPE pipes, but they are not very suitable for use in apartments.

Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are an excellent material for arranging cold and hot water supply in an apartment.

This material can operate at temperatures of the transported medium up to +95 degrees, which is quite enough for water supply. Read also: “Which pipes are best for water supply - make the right choice.”

In addition, this value is not limiting - the destruction of polyethylene pipes begins only if the water temperature exceeds +110 degrees.

An important quality of polyethylene pipes is their plasticity. A water pipeline assembled from such pipes does not collapse even when frozen, which is especially important for private homes. In apartments, flexibility is more important, which allows you to give the pipeline the required shape.

Laying water supply pipes in an apartment - what are the diagrams?

Polypropylene pipes

If the budget allocated for construction is not too large, then polypropylene pipes would be a good option for arranging a water supply system. They are cheaper than other polymer products, and in some places they even surpass them in characteristics: the operating temperature of polypropylene is +95 degrees, and the pressure is up to 20 atmospheres.

In addition, it is worth noting the service life, which on average is about 50 years.

The disadvantage of polypropylene products is the lack of plasticity, so installation of the pipeline at an angle is possible only with the help of appropriate fittings. Permanent connections of such pipes are made using a special soldering iron.

In any case, before purchasing, you need to carefully understand which propylene pipes are best for water supply, and prepare the equipment necessary for installation.

Metal-plastic pipes - which ones are better?

A rather modern and interesting material used for laying water lines are metal-plastic pipes, which combine the main advantages of metal and plastic products.

High performance is ensured by the multilayer structure of the material, which includes a polymer and a reinforcing layer of aluminum foil. Read also: “Metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes - which is better, advantages and disadvantages of materials.”

The heat resistance of metal-plastic pipes varies depending on their production technology. Pipes that are marked in blue are suitable for transporting water whose temperature does not exceed 30 degrees, and white pipes are designed for use in hot water supply systems.

The main disadvantage of metal-plastic products is the difference in thermal expansion of different layers of the pipe. When working in conditions of temperature changes, such pipes can become deformed, so they require stability.

This factor must be taken into account when choosing water pipes for hot water supply. Read also: “Advantages of metal-plastic pipes for water supply and installation rules.”

For the installation of metal-plastic pipelines, compression fittings of various types are used.

Connections using ferrule fittings may only be made in an open manner to provide access to the area for regular tightening of the fitting.

Diameter of pipes for water supply in an apartment

The choice of pipes for water supply in an apartment is not limited to the choice of material for their manufacture - you also need to choose the right diameter of the products. The correct choice of pipe diameter will allow you to create a reliable and functional system (for more details: “How to choose the diameter of a pipe for a water supply system depending on the length of the system and its characteristics”).

Of course, increasing the diameter of the pipes also entails an increase in the cost of the system, while a pipeline that is too narrow will not have sufficient throughput.

It would be best to find the “golden mean” and select pipes of the optimal diameter for a specific situation.

The diameter of the water supply system in an apartment must be calculated taking into account the initial pressure and the degree of its reduction along the entire length of the system.

A regular pressure gauge is suitable for measuring inlet pressure, but even without one, you can get approximate values. For example, if in apartments three floors above the pressure is normal, then the input pressure is at least two atmospheres.

The change in pressure in the pipeline is influenced by:

1. Number of different connections and fittings.
2. Total length of the system.
3. Availability and number of turns.

The pressure in the pipeline cannot be lower than 0.6 atmospheres, and the pressure, taking into account normal delivery to the farthest point of the system, must have a double reserve.

If, taking these factors into account, 12 mm plastic pipes are installed, then the only result will be a guaranteed decrease in the performance of the system.

Pipes with a diameter of 16 mm are much better suited - they will be enough for normal operation of the water supply without loss of characteristics. To accurately calculate metal or metal-ceramic pipes for water supply, special formulas are used, but they are quite complex, so they are used only by specialists in this industry.

Pipeline layout in an apartment can easily be carried out according to the standard scheme:

1. Pipes with a diameter of 1 or ¾ inches (25 and 20 mm) are most often used as risers.
2. Direct piping is carried out using ½ or 3/8 inch (15 and 10 mm).

When choosing the diameter of water pipes for an apartment, you should consider the following points:

• The internal diameter of polypropylene pipes is not directly related to the external diameter (a half-inch pipe can have a clearance of 11 to 13 mm);
• The dimensions indicated in inches do not reflect the pipe capacity, which is especially important when arranging a pipeline that includes both metal and plastic elements;
• Before installing polypropylene pipes, you need to study the technology of their welding, for which you will need appropriate instructions.

The nuances of installing a water supply system

Knowing what water pipes are made of, you can get an idea about the installation features of each material:

1. Plastic pipes are much more convenient and profitable.

   There are a considerable number of fittings for them, so the choice is quite extensive. Tightening the threaded connections in this case will not require serious effort, which greatly simplifies the work. The one-piece method of connecting pipes will ensure the tightness of the structure with minimal installation labor.

2. To install a pipeline from metal parts, you will need special equipment: steel pipes are connected by welding, and for copper products you need soldering kits.

   If the connection is threaded, then it is imperative to use seals.

Conclusion

For water supply systems, you can use a variety of pipes, the choice of which directly depends on the operating conditions of the system and its features. There are metal and plastic pipes, the characteristics of which allow you to assemble any pipeline. When the question of what kind of pipe is needed for a water supply system is closed, all that remains is to choose the optimal pipe diameter for a specific situation.

We do the installation of water supply in a private house ourselves

A water supply system is necessary to create normal living conditions. Therefore, when building a house, installation of water supply and sewerage is provided at the design stage.

If, for some reason, there is no running water in a private house, you can do it yourself without resorting to the expensive services of professional specialists. Today you can easily purchase all the necessary components for a water supply system.

If the village where you live has a centralized water supply system, then connecting your home to it will not be difficult.

But if there is no central water supply, then you will have to find another source of water. The source of water supply can be a well, a well, a river or a spring.

Water supply at the dacha

Water supply diagram for a private house

A typical water supply scheme for a private home includes the following elements:

1. Source of water intake (well or borehole).
2. A pumping station to which a pipe is laid underground from a water source.

   The pipeline must have a check valve to prevent water from returning back.

3. A hydraulic accumulator or container into which water will be pumped.
4. The outlet pipe from the hydraulic accumulator must have a tee equipped with a shut-off valve.

   Here the pipeline branches and one pipe supplies water for household needs, from the other pipe water is taken for technical needs (watering the garden, washing a car, etc.).

5. The pipeline for domestic needs must be connected to the purification and water treatment system. Water from a well or well needs to be purified from harmful impurities contained in underground sources
6. After the water treatment system, a tee is installed, which directs part of the water to the cold water supply system, and the other part to the hot water system
7. The cold water pipe is connected to a manifold designed for cold water.

   Shut-off valves are installed on each line that is intended for a specific consumer.

8. The hot water pipeline is connected to the water heater.
9. After the water heater, the pipe is connected to a collector, from which the pipes disperse throughout the house.

The water supply system may have other elements, but the general diagram, as well as the connection sequence, do not change.

Water supply diagram at the dacha

Pumping station: installation, functions and components

A private house is connected to the water supply using a pumping station, which pumps water into the system from a source (well, borehole).

The pumping station must be placed in the house, basement or any heated utility room to prevent it from freezing and to be able to use the water supply in winter.

The pumping station will provide uninterrupted water supply for a family of several people.

The cost of the pumping station today is about three hundred US dollars. And to fully equip a water supply system in a private house, taking into account the cost of both the pumping station and other necessary equipment, including treatment facilities, you will have to spend 500-800 dollars.

Pumping station

To operate the pumping station, an electrical connection is required.

Manufacturers include diagrams with pumping stations that show how to organize a water supply system in a private home from start to finish.

For example, if water is drawn from a nearby well, then the outlet pipe must be laid below the freezing level of the soil.

The entrance of the pipe to the well should be securely secured with silicone and covered with bitumen mastic. It is better to install the pumping station itself in the basement or on the ground floor, since its operation is accompanied by noise.

In cheap pumping stations, the noise level is higher. When purchasing this device, you should pay attention to its technical characteristics and buy units only with low noise levels.

A pipe is laid from the water source to the pumping station, which ends with a brass fitting with an adapter for a diameter of 32 mm.

A tee equipped with a drain valve is connected to the fitting to shut off the water supply in case of repairs.

Then a check valve is connected, which prevents the water from returning back. To rotate the pipe (if necessary) towards the station, use a 90° angle.

Pumping station design

After this, all elements are connected using an “American” connection in the following sequence:

• The ball valve is connected to turn the water supply on or off.
• A mesh filter is installed for rough cleaning.
• The finished pumping station must have a damper tank or accumulator and a pressure switch.

  If you immerse the pump in a water intake (well, well), and place all the other equipment in the house, then the pressure switch must be connected at the top of the pipe, and a hydraulic accumulator or damper tank must be installed at the bottom.

• The function of the sensor is to protect the pump from “dry running”.
• The fine filter is connected to the remaining connection.
• The next thing to install is a fitting with a transition to a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm.

Before starting further work, you need to check the operation of the pump.

Why do we need a hydraulic accumulator and water treatment devices?

The hydraulic accumulator is a sealed tank with two sections.

One section is for water, and the other contains air under pressure. This unit ensures stable pressure in the water supply system and can, when necessary, turn the pump on or off.

Let's consider this example. If the accumulator is filled with water, then the pressure in the water supply is 3 bar. When water flows, the pressure in the accumulator drops, then the relay is activated and the pump turns on.

The unit is filled with water again and the pressure returns to 3 bar.

(Tank volume can be selected from 25 l to 500 l, depending on the needs of consumers.)

But it is not necessary to install a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply system; you can use a storage tank for the same purposes. The storage tank should be installed on the top floor of the house or in the attic. Then the water creates pressure in the system with its weight when it reaches consumers.

Water treatment system

After the hydraulic accumulator, the water enters the water treatment system, where it goes through several stages of purification and is freed from various harmful impurities.

Filter devices, water treatment units and other devices must be located at a distance of one meter from the hydraulic accumulator.

Water obtained from a source must be tested in a laboratory, where the presence of soluble salts and various impurities in it will be determined.

Depending on the results obtained, you will be able to select filter systems and water treatment devices, iron removers, etc.

The cleaning system is of great importance when organizing water supply in a private home.

Since the water that is pumped out of a well or from a well does not meet sanitary requirements. It may contain impurities that prevent the use of such water not only for drinking, but even for washing or washing hands.

The purification system qualitatively purifies the water and at the same time retains all the microelements useful for the human body.

How collectors and boilers are installed

After the filtration system, the water is divided into two streams in the system.

One pipe leads to the cold water collector, and the other transports water to the water heater.

The collector distributes water to all consumers in the house.

In front of the collector and on each pipe that leaves the collector and transports water to the consumer, shut-off valves and a drain valve are installed.

The pipe that supplies water to the water heater must be provided with a safety valve, and there must also be an expansion tank and a ball drain valve under the boiler.

A ball valve is also installed at the outlet of the water heater. The pipe that brings water out of the water heater is connected to the collector, where it is distributed throughout the house. In principle, this is where the installation of the water supply system ends. But we still need to cover the issue of choosing a material for water supply in a private house and the layout of pipes inside the house.

Selection of pipes for water supply

If you do not have experience in installing a water supply system, but want to make a water supply system with your own hands, then you should choose pipes for your system that will not only have high performance characteristics, but will also be easy to install.

Since you are not professional plumbers, it is better to choose a material for the pipeline that you can work with without complex equipment and without professional skills.

For some time, metal-plastic pipes were very popular. They were used almost everywhere to install water pipes in a private home, as they have a number of positive properties.

1. They don't rust.
2. Deposits do not accumulate on the inner surface.
3. Long service life (35 years)
4. Not afraid of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

But along with undeniable advantages, metal-plastic pipes also have significant disadvantages.

1. High cost of additional elements (fittings)
2. Be afraid of water freezing and becoming deformed at temperatures above 95 degrees.
3. Unreliable connections; when pressure changes, the rubber O-rings on the fittings may leak water.
4. Do not bend pipes with fittings.

Nowadays polypropylene is a more reliable material for pipelines.

A polypropylene water pipeline is cheaper than a metal-plastic pipeline.

Polypropylene pipes have a longer service life (up to 50 years in cold water systems and 25 years in hot water systems), they are not susceptible to oxidation, are easy to install, their connections are strong and reliable, which allows for hidden pipe routing.

When choosing PP pipes for hot water supply, it is better to give preference to reinforced products that can withstand high temperatures well.

Polypropylene pipes can be reinforced with aluminum, fiberglass or other material.

How to choose the correct pipe diameter for internal water supply

For plumbing, it is very important to choose the correct pipe diameter.

If you buy pipes with a very small diameter, this will lead to turbulence of the flow, that is, the water in the system will move noisily and leave lime deposits on the inner walls. The speed of water movement should be no more than two meters per second, taking this into account it is necessary to select the diameter of the pipes.

The diameter of the pipes depends on the length of the water supply:

• For a pipeline with a length of 10 to 30 m, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are required, and for less than 10 m, pipes with a diameter of 20 mm are required.
• For a long pipeline more than 30 m long, it is better to take pipes with a diameter of 32 mm.

In order for the water supply system to work effectively in a private home, it is necessary to select the correct diameter of the collector pipe, since it must provide water to several consumers at the same time.

To do this, let's do some simple calculations.

One tap flows 5 - 6 liters of water per minute. Taking this into account, you need to calculate the number of consumers in the house that can be turned on at the same time.

• A 25 mm (1 inch) pipe can pass 30 liters of water per minute;
• pipe 32 mm (1.25 inches) - 50 liters;
• pipe 38 mm (1.5 inches) – 75 liters.

If several people live in the house, they can simultaneously use the bathroom, toilet, and kitchen sink.

We need to sum up the water consumption of these devices, and then we can easily determine the diameter of the collector pipe. To do this, we calculate the amount of water consumed at all water intake points and reduce it by 25%. This way we will find the approximate water consumption, and based on the obtained value, we determine what diameter of the collector pipe we need.

Connecting polypropylene pipes using welding

Let's look at how polypropylene pipes are connected to each other.

Piping in the bathroom. Methods of laying communications and types of components used

For cold water, take pipes with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 2.8 mm. For a hot water system we will use reinforced pipes with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 3.2 mm.

The technology for welding PP pipes is not a complicated process.

But here, the main thing is to know the basic rules and be extremely careful. To work, we will need special scissors for cutting PP pipes and a welding machine.

All our further actions must take place in the following sequence:

1. Armed with pipe cutting scissors, we cut the PP pipes into pieces of the size we need.

   The blade of the scissors should be held strictly perpendicular.

2. We mark the welding depth on the pipe sections with a marker; to determine this value, it is necessary to insert the pipe into the fitting, but not all the way (there should be a distance to the protrusion of about 1 - 2 mm)
3. The welding area must be cleaned of dirt and dust with damp alcohol wipes.
4. We select nozzles of the required size and install them on the welding machine.
5. Turn on the welding machine, setting the welding temperature to 260 °C.

   The readiness of the tool for work can be determined by the indicator. When the welding heats up, the lights go out.

6. We slide the pipeline elements that we will connect onto the nozzles up to the drawn mark.

   The main thing is not to turn the pipes or make twisting movements.

7. Once the pipes and fittings are installed on the attachments, count 7 seconds and remove. For this action, you will need an assistant to hold the welding machine.
8. We connect the pipeline elements together without making rotational movements and hold for several seconds.

As a result, you should have an even and strictly perpendicular connection.

If the result of your work is unsatisfactory, you will have to cut off the section with the connection and repeat everything from the very beginning.

Plumbing in a private house

When the pipes are connected, you can begin laying the pipeline inside the house. It’s better to get to work, starting with water consumers. We connect the pipe to the consumer device with an adapter with a threaded connection. A ball valve must be installed between the hose and the adapter, with which, if necessary, you can turn off the water.

After this, we lay the pipe towards the collector.

In this case, you need to follow several rules:

• It is advisable not to route pipes through walls and other building structures. If there are no other options, then when laying a pipeline, you need to make a special glass in the wall through which the pipe will pass to another room. This is necessary so that the building structure does not create additional load on the pipe.
• To facilitate repairs, it is better to place the pipes from the wall at a distance of 25 mm
• When installing drain taps in the water supply system, make a slight slope of the pipeline towards the tap.
• When the pipe goes around an outer corner, it should be placed at a distance of 15 mm, and when going around an internal corner, the pipeline should be placed at a distance of 30 mm.
• The pipe is secured to the walls with special clips.

  The pipeline must be secured in corner joints, and on straight sections the clips must be placed at a distance of 1.5 m.

• When installing a polypropylene pipeline in corner joints, polypropylene fittings with the same or transitional diameters are used.
• We must remember that the fewer corners and turns we make in the pipeline, the less pressure we lose.

When the pipes are connected to the collector, shut-off valves are installed.

in order to, if necessary or for the purpose of repair, disconnect the consumer from the water supply.

The water supply system has already firmly penetrated the minds and areas of the owners of village houses and country cottages. This is an integral attribute of a comfortable life: with running water, showering, washing dishes, and cooking become a pleasant activity.

Doing the installation yourself is not an easy task, but you can do most of the work alone.

In fact, there are plenty of water supply diagrams, but there are two different methods for connecting consumers:

• Tee connection.
• Collector or parallel connection.

For residents of small private houses, a serial connection will meet their requirements, the plan for such water supply is simpler. From the source itself, water flows in order from one consumer to the next from one pipeline with a tee outlet (1 inlet, 2 outlets) for each consumer.

Such a switching scheme is characterized by a lack of pressure at the last consumer during the start of the previous ones, if several such links are involved in the chain.

The collector connection plan looks fundamentally different.

Firstly, when making such a connection you will need a collector. From it a water supply is laid directly to each consumer. Thereby you can create more or less the same pressure in any link in the pipeline chain. Please note that a daisy chain connection will cost you more.

Any water supply system consists of a well, a pump, and a hydraulic accumulator to protect the pump. And if desired, a filter or several filters before or after the accumulator.

There are several types of water pipes, the most common materials for them are polypropylene, polyethylene (cross-linked), steel. The most expensive ones are made of copper, since they last the longest.

If they are installed, you will have to call a specialist. The optimal choice is polypropylene in terms of price/quality ratio. Please note that plastic is absolutely unsuitable as a material, as it releases harmful elements into the water.

The diameter of the pipe depends on the length of the pipeline of a private house: from 30 meters, a material with a diameter of 25 mm will suffice, if it is more than 30 meters, then 32 mm will do, and in the case when the length is less than 10 meters, the diameter varies between 16-20 mm.

Next on the list you will need a submersible pump because it is more durable and more efficient than a pumping station. The height of the pump along with the hose is measured and then they are connected with a threaded connection. The pump can be installed in any position on stainless steel cables. It is suspended from the top of the well.

Water from the pump enters the filter before the accumulator, which is the next element of the circuit. It creates stable pressure and allows you to turn the pump on and off as needed. The volume depends on the amount of water consumed.

The water is filtered again and divided into two streams: one of them will go into the boiler and heat up, and the second will remain cold in the collector.

It is necessary to install shut-off valves up to the collector, and also install a drain valve.

The pipe going to the water heater is equipped with a fuse, an expansion tank, and a drain valve is also installed. The same tap is mounted at the outlet of the water heater, and after that the pipe is connected to the hot water collector and then distributed to all points in the house.

Boilers can be different. Water can be heated by gas or electricity. A gas instantaneous water heater differs from an electric one in that the water is constantly heated.

The plumber deserves special mention. The process of connecting a toilet begins with the installation of a corrugated pipe, which is lubricated with silicone at the connection point. Next, the reliability of the connection is checked, holes are drilled into which the dowels are inserted. The toilet bowl is attached to the corrugation and screwed on.

DIY installation

Water supply from a well is divided into two types: summer and winter:

• Summer view of the system being laid above ground– adapters connect rubber hoses and thus ensure the required length.
• Winter type of water supply works in any season and it is laid either below the freezing point of the soil, or above, but with insulation.

Before drawing water from a well, it is necessary to make a caisson for it. You can go down into it and it will protect the well from dirty water.

The caisson is made of concrete rings or other materials. If its bottom and pipeline are above the freezing point of the soil, it makes no sense to use a caisson in the event of a pipe break.

Connection to the central highway requires significant investment in the first stages, meanwhile, partially eliminating the need for excavation work and installation of a septic tank. You can find out information about the nearest highways in ZhKO.

To increase the water pressure in the pipeline, it is necessary to embed the pump into a public water supply pipe or install a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator.

Usually in apartments it is common to attach the pipework to the wall.. Sewer pipes are held on by clamps attached to the wall. The distance measured horizontally from clamp to clamp must be set to less than 10 pipe diameters.

You can use either metal clamps with a rubber seal(rigid fastening), or without sealing so that the pipes move freely (rigid-floating fastening).

Internal routing is a more advanced routing method, as it reduces noise and looks better. You can lay pipes in concrete or grooves, maintaining slopes and sealing gaps.

Polypropylene pipes are welded in two ways: socket and butt. It should be carried out at positive ambient temperatures. It is important to remember that the pipes and fittings are of the same composition and are clean. Also, do not cool the pipes after connecting with water.

During socket cooking, both parts are heated by a special heating device, then assembled and cooled.

Prices for materials and equipment

• A submersible pump with a capacity of 1.7 liters per hour costs 6,700 rubles;
• You can buy a 50L hydraulic accumulator for 4,600 rubles;
• Polypropylene pipe 4 m long from 1500 rubles;
• An electric water heater is sold at a minimum price of about 1000 rubles.

Video

A video master class on installing water supply wiring in a house will be a good help. A big plus will be the explanations and step-by-step recommendations of the masters:

When starting a renovation, we rarely limit ourselves to one room. The updated interior begins to be dissonant with the rest of the rooms, and somehow not only new wallpaper, the color of the floor and ceiling, but also furniture in other rooms suggests itself. And if we are talking about major repairs, then it will affect everything: electrical wiring, sound insulation, heating and air conditioning systems, even plumbing in the apartment. As you know, plumbing is a system of technical devices (fittings, shut-off valves, filters) and pipes for supplying water to different points in the apartment. The water supply can be laid out using the classic tee method or the modern manifold method.

Classic of the genre - tee wiring diagram

The tee scheme for distributing water supply in an apartment is a sequential supply of pipes from a common riser to places of water consumption (faucets, shower, toilet, dishwasher or washing machine).

First, the main pipes with cold and hot water are diverted, and then branches are made from them using tees.

The tee circuit is the cheapest option. When designing the wiring, the plumber should talk about both it and the manifold circuit, as well as the cost of both options

Advantages of the classical scheme:

• low cost;
• compactness;
• ease of installation.

Disadvantages of this wiring system:

• pressure drops caused by the simultaneous inclusion of two water consumption points;
• It is impossible to shut off one consumer; you will have to turn off the water in the entire apartment;
• It is not always possible to conveniently place tees in the bathroom area.

In some cases, it is possible to avoid a complete shutdown of water during repair work. To do this, you need to place a tap in front of the plumbing, which can be turned off if necessary.

The tee circuit is more suitable for a small apartment, in which it is easy to coordinate water consumption at different points. But such a water supply installation in a private house can cause a lot of inconvenience, especially in large cottages. A collector circuit is more convenient for them.

Collector circuit - ideal for a large house

Collective water supply distribution involves connecting separate pipes to each point of water consumption. A kitchen sink, a toilet, a shower stall - each tap in the house supplies water in the required volume, independently of the others. The pipes are supplied from a manifold installed at the water supply entrance to the house. It is a device that has one input and several outputs. Their number is selected based on the number of water consumption points. In this case, you need to take into account not only the taps, but also the washing machine and dishwasher, outdoor water, etc.

Here you can clearly see that all water consumption points are independent of each other. This is very convenient both during operation and during repairs.

The collector can only be installed after the water purification filters and pressure reducers have been connected.

This is what the manifold looks like under the sink. Agree, it’s not very convenient for an ordinary apartment. It even somewhat resembles an airplane dashboard

This scheme has many advantages. Firstly, without harm to household members, you can turn off the water in the shower, while leaving the possibility of using other bathrooms.

Secondly, all taps for controlling the water supply system are located in one place and are easily accessible. As a rule, the collector is located in a plumbing closet or a separate room.

Thirdly, stable pressure in the system. The manifold wiring protects against surges, thereby ensuring that you will not be doused with boiling water in the shower if someone turns on the water in the kitchen.

Fourthly, there is a minimal risk of breakdowns and ease of repair, because only one solid pipe runs from the tap to the collector.

In a private house, when using a collector circuit, water pipes can even be hidden under a screed: the likelihood of breakage of solid pipes is negligible

Fifthly, the water temperature at all points of water consumption is the same, even if all taps are opened at the same time.

Sixthly, connecting new taps or equipment that uses water is carried out quickly, without harming other consumers. To do this, you only need to install a collector with a reserve of several terminals.

Everything has its drawbacks, and the collector method is no exception. It requires a large amount of building materials. You can't get by with two pipes here. And this in turn leads to significant material costs. And installing a water supply system according to this scheme takes a lot of time.

In addition, a lot of space is needed to accommodate the collector and such a number of pipes. You can no longer hide the water supply entry point into the apartment behind a cabinet; it does not look aesthetically pleasing.

Which water pipes to choose depending on the wiring diagram

If the water pipes in the apartment will be laid out using a tee pattern, then it is better to use plastic or polypropylene pipes.

Connections of plastic pipes are made using special welding. Threaded metal connections are mounted in polypropylene fittings (connection parts).

Polypropylene pipes are the most affordable on the market. They are lightweight and will last about thirty years.

Plumbing flax, pastes or FUM tape are used as sealants. The latter is a fluoroplastic sealing material.

For distribution using the collector method, it is necessary to use metal-plastic water pipes.

Metal-plastic bends easily and is well suited for a collector wiring diagram

They are designed to work under high pressure, bend easily, and are cut with ordinary precision scissors. Collet fittings are suitable for connecting them.

Copper pipes are not subject to corrosion and have unique bactericidal properties.

Copper pipes are an elite option. Durable, wear-resistant, with bactericidal properties. But ordinary buyers are put off by the high price

They serve much longer than any other - from fifty to a hundred years. However, they are rarely chosen due to their very high cost.

In addition to the correct selection of pipes and connections for plumbing, you need to protect the pipes from external factors. Corrosion, heat loss, stray currents, condensation, abrasive friction and mechanical damage - each of them can lead, at best, to repairs and additional costs.

Nowadays, it is possible to install an autonomous water supply in a private house, which significantly increases the comfort of living. Now there is no need to carry heavy buckets and heat water in a basin to take water procedures. If the water supply is installed in a building under construction, it is possible to take into account all wishes at the design stage, and its implementation will be much easier. If the building has been erected and has been in use for a long time, then arranging a water supply is more difficult, but possible.

Schematic diagram of the water supply system in the house

Laying out a water supply system in a private house that is in operation requires solving additional problems of tying the pipeline to the existing premises and the location of plumbing fixtures. In addition, you will need to knock out openings in the walls, floor and foundation for laying pipes. All this creates additional difficulties, but can be implemented if desired.

Plumbing systems

Depending on the power source, there are:

1. Centralized water supply system. It is arranged if a central water supply pipe runs near the house, to which the water supply is supplied. Such a system is easier and cheaper to install, but in the future you will need to pay for the water supply. In addition, it is difficult to control water quality.
2. Autonomous water supply system. Requires significant physical and financial costs, but the water quality is much higher. Autonomous water supply is absolutely independent of public water supply. The power source is wells or boreholes located on the plot.

The source of drinking water from which the water supply is drawn must be no closer than 20 meters from the cesspool, compost heap, toilet, septic tank, etc.

Pump and its connection

Most often, submersible or surface pumps are used to supply water in a water supply system. The choice depends on the water supply source. First you need to decide whether it will be a well or a well. A well is much cheaper; this work can be done with your own hands. But its installation requires a lot of physical effort, and the water in the well, due to its shallow depth, does not undergo sufficient natural filtration and contains many harmful components. For wells up to 8 meters deep, it is advisable to install a surface pump and lower a flexible hose from it into the water for intake. The pump itself can be installed in the house, utility room or directly near the well.

The well is installed by specialists using special equipment. They conduct surveys on the availability and quality of water. Wells are installed quickly, and the water from them is always clean. Well installation is very expensive. To draw water from a well, a submersible pump is used, which is lowered to a great depth in the water.

Left – surface, right – submersible pumps

Plumbing diagrams

There are two main water supply connection schemes:

1. The sequential connection scheme is used for temporary water supply, for a summer residence or for a house with low water consumption. In this scheme, all plumbing fixtures are connected in series, from one pipe. If one plumbing fixture is working, the pressure in all others drops significantly.
2. The collector circuit of the water supply system requires large expenses for the device and materials, but it is possible to operate several devices simultaneously without loss of pressure in the pipe. In this case, water is supplied to the collector, and pipes extend from it to each plumbing fixture separately.

Water pipe connection diagram

1. A control station that regulates the operation of the pump and turns it off in case of danger.
2. Cord with plug for connecting to the mains.
3. A cord with a socket to which the pump is connected.
4. Circuit breaker. If there is a danger to the equipment, it turns off.
5. Network socket electrical wiring in the house.
6. A submersible pump is lowered into the well casing, takes water and delivers it to the surface.
7. A cord that provides power to the pump.
8. Nipple for connecting pipes; has threads on both ends.
9. A check valve is designed to prevent water from returning to the pump.
10. An injection pipe through which water is supplied from a well to the surface.
11. The crosspiece ensures the intersection of pipes in one plane.
12. Transition nipple is designed for connecting pipes of different diameters.
13. Flexible hose that connects to the control station.
14. A hydraulic accumulator is a container for storing water.
15. Pipes for supply to consumers.

When laying pipes, the most labor-intensive process is preparing the building structure. Following the laying diagram, you need to make holes in the walls and drill out the grooves. Thanks to them, it will be possible to hide pipes in the walls.

Types of pipes

Steel

These are traditional pipes that have been tested for many years, which until recently were most widespread. Nowadays, they are being replaced by pipes made from modern materials that have better technical performance.

Pros:

• Relatively low cost;
• Strength of the material;
• A wide range of fittings for them.

Minuses:

• Are subject to corrosion;
• Plaque formation on the inner walls of pipes;
• Good electrical conductivity: if a wire breaks, current is transmitted through the steel structure and can cause injury;
• High labor costs during installation. The pipes are connected by welding, which can only be done by a qualified specialist, or by threaded connections. Installation is difficult and dangerous.

Galvanized

The product is much better quality and more reliable. The surface coated with zinc does not corrode, and deposits of salts or other minerals do not stick to it.

Pros:

• High strength;
• Do not corrode;
• There is no sediment left on the walls;

Minuses:

• High price;
• Conductivity of electricity;
• Corrosion may form at the joints;
• Difficult to install.

Copper

Copper pipes have many advantages, but the cost of such material is quite high. It is advisable to use them to play with water pipes in the interior of the house, because... they have a beautiful appearance.

Pros:

• Do not corrode;
• Deposits do not stick to the pipe walls;
• Wide operating temperature range;
• Aesthetic appearance;
• Long service life.

Minuses:

• High price;
• Small range of fittings for pipes;
• Difficulty of installation;
• Due to the thin walls of the pipe, it is easy to damage.

Metal-plastic

These pipes appeared on the market not long ago and have already become widespread. They combine the qualities of metal and plastic.

Pros:

• Do not corrode;
• Do not conduct electricity;
• Easy installation;
• Large range of fittings.

As a minus, one can consider the fact that their service life is limited.

Polypropylene

These pipes have the best technical characteristics.

Pros:

• Low cost;
• Easy to install. Soldering pipes can be easily done with your own hands without noise and dust, and the soldering equipment has compact dimensions;
• Elasticity, which prevents damage;
• Strength of the material;
• Long service life.

The only disadvantage is that the connections can no longer be disconnected.

Polypropylene pipes for hot water must be reinforced with fiberglass.

Pipes and fittings for water supply

Pipe diameter

Choosing the right diameter is very important for the water supply system. If the diameter is small, then extraneous noise will occur inside the water pipe, and if it is large, the pressure will decrease and more energy will be required to provide the required pressure.

The diameter is determined based on the length of the water pipe:

• For lengths ≤ 10 meters Ø = 20 mm;
• For lengths ≤ 30 meters Ø = 25 mm;
• If more than 30 meters Ø = 32 mm.

Water consumption is determined based on the diameter and number of plumbing fixtures. Based on these indicators, the required collector is determined:

• Ø 25 mm passes 30 liters of liquid in 1 minute
• Ø 32 mm passes 50 liters of liquid in 1 minute

Initially, it is necessary to determine the number of consumers and the length of the water supply system; based on this, the optimal pipe diameter is determined.

Water supply installation

Installation is carried out from the power source to the consumer. Installation begins with installing a pump in a well or a pumping station for a well.

Pump installation

The pumping station is installed on the surface. You can place it in the house, which will simplify control, but it is noisy in operation. The most suitable place for her – utility room.

A submersible pump is lowered into a deep well. A cable is connected to the unit to secure it at the desired depth. Using an adapter or clamp, a flexible hose is attached, through which water is supplied to the hydraulic accumulator.

Installation of a hydraulic accumulator

The hydraulic accumulator is designed to maintain stable pressure in the water supply system and protects the pump from idling. Such a device is an optional element of the system; it is installed in two cases:

• to increase water pressure in the system;
• in case of interruptions in water supply.

What do hydraulic accumulators look like?

The hydraulic accumulator is mounted at the highest point of the water supply system, but so that it can be accessed. A tee comes out of the storage tank, on which shut-off valves are installed. The other two outlets go to the cold header and water heater.

Collector device

The collector is designed to uniformly distribute pressure in pipes for all consumers. The number of collector pipes depends on the number of plumbing fixtures that are consumers.

Cold water collector

Cold water from a pump or filter is supplied to the collector. A shut-off valve with a drain valve is installed in front of it so that, if necessary, the collector can be disconnected from the pipe.

For better water quality, filters are installed. They must be installed in front of the collector and boiler.

The second flow is directed to the boiler, which heats the water to the required temperature and is supplied to the hot collector, where distribution to consumers occurs.

Each collector outlet has a shut-off valve and, in the event of repair work on one device, the entire system continues to operate uninterruptedly. A separate cold and hot water pipeline is laid from the distributor to each device. For a private house and apartment, the best choice is polypropylene pipes.

How to solder polypropylene pipes with your own hands:

1. The dimensions of the pipes for distribution are determined and cut to the required length. Cutting is easy to do with your own hands using special scissors. It is important to ensure that the blade of the scissors is perpendicular to the pipe.
2. The depth of the adhesion is marked at the edges.
3. The soldering area must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust.
4. A nozzle of the appropriate diameter is installed on the soldering iron.
5. The soldering iron turns on and heats up to the desired temperature.
6. The pipe moves in the soldering iron nozzle to the mark.
7. After 7 seconds, the nozzle is removed and the pipes are connected. You need to hold them a little, but do not rotate them.

Soldering water pipes

Installation of water supply

The water pipeline is laid from the collector to each consumer in the following sequence:

1. The distributor has taps for each pipeline; if not, then shut-off valves are installed.
2. A pipe comes out of the tap.
3. The next pipe is connected with a fitting using a soldering iron.
4. For rotation, a corner fitting is installed.
5. To adjust the pipes to size, they are cut with special scissors.
6. Clips are mounted to the wall, with the help of which the pipe is attached to the wall.
7. Water consumption devices are connected (washbasin, shower, sink faucets; compact; washing machine, dishwasher and others).

Piping in the house

• If pipes pass through walls, then it is advisable to protect the pipe with a ring at the point of passage to avoid their contact.
• The distance between the pipes should be 200-250 mm for ease of repair work.
• It is necessary to secure the pipes using special clips mounted on the wall. Fastenings are installed in corners, and on flat areas they are located at a distance of 1500-2000 mm.
• Angles and turns in the pipeline must be minimized.

Video about water supply

This video will tell you about installing a water supply in a country house with your own hands.

After a little instruction, you can easily install the water pipe yourself. To do this you will need the necessary tool. During operation, you need to ensure the reliability of the connections so that there is no leakage. High-quality work will ensure reliable operation of the water supply system for a long time.

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Installing plumbing in a private home is a complex and responsible job, but doable. By choosing the right materials and wiring diagram, you can carry out all the plumbing work yourself, without involving hired workers. But for beginners who do not have relevant experience, it is advisable to enlist the help of a professional.

Where to start installing a water supply system?

The installation of any water supply system is based on the selected wiring diagram. Only after it has been compiled can you begin selecting materials and proceed directly to installation. Also at the planning stage it is decided how many water points (or users) there will be in the house. This will determine which system to prefer - manifold or tee.

Which circuit is better - collector or tee?

The tee layout of water pipes implies their serial connection to a common riser. So, one pipe is connected to the cold and hot water pipes. With the help of tees, additional pipes are diverted to individual users, and the pipe itself ends with the connection of the last water collection point.

The advantages of this solution:

• ease of installation - no special knowledge is required when connecting additional elements;
• low cost - half as many pipes are used;
• compactness - tees are connected directly near water points.

But there are also disadvantages - when all users turn on at the same time, the pressure in the system drops significantly, and connecting a new point is quite problematic (you will have to install another tee).

The collector water supply system is characterized by a parallel connection of users, when a special splitter - a collector - is connected to the pipes for discharging cold and hot water from the riser. And each water supply point is connected to this collector.

Advantages of the collector system:

• convenience - all connection points are collected in one place;
• reliability – one pipe goes to each user, which minimizes the risk of leaks;
• pressure stability - the same pressure is supplied to each point in the manifold, so even turning on all the taps at the same time will not lead to a loss of pressure.

The disadvantages include high cost due to increased consumption of materials and the need to allocate space for connecting collectors.

The right scheme is the key to success

To avoid having to redo half of the water supply system because several key elements were forgotten during installation, it is very important to draw up the wiring diagram correctly. It must include all water points, passages and valves. The diagram shows the diameters of the pipes, the location of the water heater and pump (if the water comes from a well or borehole).

By resolving all controversial issues at the planning stage, you can avoid annoying mistakes in the future. This will also allow you to calculate in advance the required length of pipes and the number of all fittings and tees.

Moreover, it works effectively even when connected to a centralized water supply. For example, if the water is turned off, there will still be 200 liters of water left in the storage tank, which is enough for domestic needs. And even if there is a power outage, the tank located 4 m above the water consumers will provide a pressure of 0.4 atm, which is quite enough for water to flow from the mixers by gravity.

The scheme is quite simple:

1. A storage tank is connected to the main water pipe. If water comes from central water supply pipes with variable pressure, an additional pump will have to be installed at the inlet, which will provide constant water pressure.
2. To protect the pump from burnout in the absence of water, a dry running sensor is installed that turns off the power.
3. If water comes from a well, only a pumping station is installed after the tank to ensure constant pressure at the water collection points. It is advisable to choose stations with already installed burnout protection. Otherwise, it is also necessary to install a dry running sensor - to turn off the station when the water in the tank runs out.
4. It is important to provide protection against overflow in the storage tank - for example, a float switch.
5. The routing of pipes from the tank is often tee, since this option is chosen for houses with a maximum of 5 users (shower, washbasin, toilet, washing machine and kitchen sink).

Selection of pipes - their size and material

For water supply pipes are used from:

• copper is an ideal choice, but quite expensive;
• reinforced polypropylene (PP) – installation requires a special welding machine (it can even be rented daily);
• steel - corrosion and the need for threading make such pipes unpopular;
• metal-plastic - has an excellent price-quality ratio, but can withstand temperatures only up to 95 degrees (this must be taken into account when choosing a water heater and what output temperature it gives).

Copper pipes will “outlast” even the foundation of a house, but if the budget is limited, you can choose PP or metal-plastic. At the same time, only reinforced polypropylene is used for hot water - the central reinforcing layer is visible on the cut.

This is much more reliable than compression fittings, which will have to be tightened annually, and still they will soon begin to leak.

For laying street water supply, you can use both PP pipes and HDPE. The former are used if underground connection of pipe parts is necessary, while the latter are laid in a continuous piece.

The pipe itself must have a marking (size, GOST) - pipes without markings indicate their low quality.

• incoming water pipe – 32 mm;
• riser pipe – 25 mm;
• branch pipes from the riser – 20 mm;
• branch pipes to devices – 16 mm.

But at the same time, you need to take into account the diameter of the connection of the devices. So, often boilers have an inch pipe outlet (25 mm), this must be taken into account at the stage of purchasing the boiler and components. In addition, instantaneous water heaters are sensitive to pressure in the system, so it is advisable to connect 20 mm pipes to them.

Pump or pumping station?

If there is no central water supply and water has to be taken from a well or well, each owner faces the question of choosing a pump. The pumping station can lift water to a height of no more than 9 m (the horizontal length of the pipes does not matter). Therefore, it is suitable for most wells or shallow wells. Its advantages are the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and a protective mechanism against burnout.

If the depth of the aquifer is below 9 meters, there is only one way out - a submersible pump. It provides stable and strong water pressure, but you will have to independently install an automatic system that protects against burnout and a storage tank. The latter is optional, but increases the life of the pump.

Installation of water supply

The installation of the water supply system itself is not particularly difficult:

1. Markings are made for laying the future water supply system - on the walls, in the screed or under the ceiling.
2. Holes are made in the walls or pipes are laid in the floor screed. In the latter case, the pipes should be no further than 15 cm from the wall and no closer than 20 cm from the future furniture.



3. It is much easier to carry out external wiring, where the pipes are attached to the wall with special clips. It is important to remember that polypropylene pipes cannot be fixed rigidly - they must be provided with the ability to expand during temperature changes.



4. The clips are placed at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. If you need to fix a pipe of large diameter or weight, clamps are used for reliability.
5. When installing externally, pipes through walls and ceilings must pass through sleeves - covers made of non-flammable material, filled with a sealant (for example, mineral wool). This is done to reduce noise when water passes through. The sleeve can be cut to the level of the walls and ceiling, but it must protrude 3 cm above the finished floor.



6. Special strips (sockets) for mixers are attached to the wall. Without extensive construction experience, it will not be possible to “sink” them into the wall so that the outlet pipes are flush with the wall. Therefore, they can be left protruding - the decorative caps of the mixer will cover them.





7. The assembly of the pipeline can take place both “in weight” and on the table, when the assembled parts are simply placed into the holes made. As practice shows, the latter is only possible with a very well-designed wiring diagram. Otherwise, you will still have to adjust the parts “in place”.
8. Cutting pipes must be carried out with a special pipe cutter - you cannot saw them, the connection will be unreliable. In this case, polypropylene and metal-plastic pipes are cut with different tools.







9. If you need to lay a curved “route”, metal-plastic pipes can only be bent with a radius that is at least 5 outer diameters of the pipe. Otherwise, the service life of the pipe cannot be predicted. For corner connections, fittings are used.

The principle of working with polypropylene pipes, their soldering and installation are shown in detail in the video: